Mixin
A gufo:EndurantType that is both non-sortal and semi-rigid. As a semi-rigid type, it applies necessarily to some of its instances and contingently to some others. As a non-sortal, it captures properties shared by instances of different kinds. For example, the type "FemaleAnimal" may be considered a gufo:Mixin as it applies necessarily to animals of certain species, e.g., lions and sharks, while it applies contingently to animals of other species such as clownfish and mushroom corals (which may change sex given certain conditions).
Participation
A gufo:Event that depends on a single object. Participations can be used to partition an event into portions, each of which depend exclusively on a single object. Consider a business meeting with multiple participants, including John and Mary. John's participation in the meeting encompasses all events that are part of the meeting and that depend solely on him. Likewise, Mary's participation encompasses all events that are part of the meeting and that depend solely on her. Similarly, in Brutus’ stabbing of Caesar, we may identify the participations of Brutus, of Caesar, and of the dagger.
Phase
A gufo:EndurantType that is both sortal and anti-rigid. It is defined by intrinsic but contingent instantiation conditions. Phases are relationally independent types that capturec intrinsic properties shared by instances of a given kind. For example, "Child" may be considered a gufo:Phase as a subclass of the gufo:Kind "Person", instantiated by persons younger than 12. Another example is the type "IllPerson", which may be considered a gufo:Phase that is instantiated whenever an instance of "Disease" (a gufo:IntrinsicMode) inheres in a person.
PhaseMixin
A gufo:EndurantType that is both non-sortal and anti-rigid. It is defined by intrinsic but contingent instantiation conditions. Phase mixins are relationally independent types that capture intrinsic properties shared by instances of different kinds. For example, "LivingAnimal" may be considered a gufo:PhaseMixin as a superclass of the phases "LivingPerson" (specializing the gufo:Kind "Person") and "LivingDog" (specializing the gufo:Kind "Dog").
broughtAbout
Identifies a gufo:Situation that is brought about by the gufo:Event. Guizzardi et al. (2013) included a notion of "brings-about" that related events to a single ("maximal") situation, embodying all the effects of the event at the time it ends. This implementation of gufo:broughtAbout diverges from "brings-about" in that work because gufo:broughtAbout can be used to relate events to more than one gufo:Situation. Each gufo:Situation identified through gufo:broughtAbout should be understood as an (improper) part of the maximal situation.
constitutes
Identifies a gufo:ConcreteIndividual that is constituted (partially) by the constituent individual. For example, the gufo:Collection of persons whose members are John, Paul, George, Ringo constituted the beatles, the gufo:Quantity of marble that constitutes the statue of Venus de Milo, and the gufo:Event of Paul raising his arm in a meeting that constitutes his voting (also a gufo:Event). In case constitution changes in time, see gufo:standsInQualifiedConstitution.
contributedToTrigger
Identifies a gufo:Event that the gufo:Situation contributed to trigger. Guizzardi et al. (2013) defined a notion of "triggers" to relate the situation satisfying all the sufficient and necessary conditions with the triggered event. This implementation differs from "triggers" as defined in that work because gufo:contributedToTrigger can be used to relate more than one gufo:Situation to a gufo:Event. Each gufo:Situation identified through gufo:contributedToTrigger should be understood as an (improper) part of the situation that triggered the event.
hasAssociatedQualityValueType
Identifies a quality value type to which the quality type is associated. For example, a "Color" quality type may be associated with a "ColorValueInRGB" quality value type. It relates a specialization of gufo:Quality (an instance of gufo:EndurantType) to a specialization of gufo:QualityValue (an instance of gufo:AbstractIndividualType). To be used only when quality values are reified.
hasValueComponent
This property is used for quality values that are defined in terms of a multidimensional quality structure (such as color conceived in terms of hue, saturation and brightness). Each value component of a quality value (a particular value for hue, a particular value for saturation, a particular value for brightness) is determined with this property. It is recommended that subproperties of gufo:hasValueComponent are created to indicate values for particular dimensions, possibly identifying the datatype to be used. For example "hasHueComponent", "hasSaturationComponent" and "hasBrightnessComponent" could be used as data properties specializing gufo:hasValueComponent with the xsd:double datatype.
historicallyDependsOn
Identifies a gufo:ConcreteIndividual on which the concrete individual depends historically. For example, a person is historically dependent on his/her ancestors. When used between events, historical dependence encompasses causation (when the event is caused by the other), but also other cases where there is dependence but not causation (when the event brings about a situation that is either insufficient or more than sufficient to trigger the historically dependent event). For example, Real Madrid's goal in the 60th minute of the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup Final is historically dependent on (and in this case caused by) a penalty kick by Cristiano Ronaldo. The penalty kick itself is historically dependent on (but not caused by) a penalty (the occurrence of the penalty is necessary but not sufficient to cause the penalty kick as authorization of the referee is required). Historical dependence is transitive. Hence, in the example above, Real Madrid's goal is historically dependent on the penalty.
isAspectProperPartOf
Identifies a gufo:Aspect of which the aspect is a proper part. For example, John's obligations towards Mary in the scope of their marriage is an aspect proper part of their marriage (and same can be said of Mary's extrinsic aspects in the scope of their marriage.) This property can be used to represent the composition of a relator from extrisinc aspects, but also to represent complex extrisinc aspects. gufo:isAspectProperPartOf is transitive.
isEventProperPartOf
Identifies a gufo:Event of which the event is part. For example, Cristiano Ronaldo's penalty kick is an event proper part of the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup Final, having ocurred in the 60th minute of that match. That match is itself an event proper part of the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup. The match can be decomposed in different ways. For example, we can identify the participation of each player in the match (instances of gufo:Participation that are proper parts of the match) or decomposed the match using some temporal segmentation (each minute of the match, each of which is a proper part of the match). gufo:isEventProperPartOf is transitive.
isSituationProperPartOf
Identifies a gufo:Situation of which the situation is a part. Examples include: the situation in which John has influenza is part of the situation in which John has influenza and he is tired; the situation in which John is friends with Mary is part of the situation in which he is friends with Mary and Alice; the situation in which John is married to Alice is part of the situation in which John is married to Alice, while she works at the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano.
manifestedIn
Identifies a gufo:Event in which the gufo:Aspect is manifested. For example, the passing of an electrical current in a conductor is an event that encompasses the manifestation of an aspect inhering in a copper wire (the wire's electrical conductivity).
partitions
Identifies a gufo:Type whose instances are classified by exactly one instance of the partitioning higher-order type. For example, "AnimalSpecies" gufo:partitions "Animal". Instances of "AnimalSpecies" such as "Lion", "Hiena" must be disjoint subclasses of "Animal". OWL 2 punning should be used to capture the two facets of "Lion" and "Hiena" in this example: (i) as instances of "AnimalSpecies", and (ii) as subclasses of "Animal". Note that the partitioned type (in the example "Animal") may or may not be declared to be a disjoint union of the explicitly enumerated subclasses (such as "Lion", "Hiena"). This is because other instances of the higher-order type ("AnimalSpecies") may exist that are not explicitly enumerated in the ontology. The partitioned type is termed the "base type" in the "powertype pattern" see Carvalho et al (2017), the higher-order type is often called the "powertype". For further details and formalization of "partitioning", see Carvalho et al (2017) which combines UFO with MLT (a multi-level modeling theory). V. A. Carvalho, J. P. A. Almeida, C. M. Fonseca, and G. Guizzardi, “Multi-level ontology-based conceptual modeling,” Data & Knowledge Engineering, vol. 109, p. 3–24, 2017. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.datak.2017.03.002>
wasCreatedIn
Identifies the gufo:Event which brought the gufo:Endurant into existence. For example, a musical piece is created in an act of composition (or in an event that is part of it), a piece of legislation is created in a complex legislative process. Benevides et al. (2019) only discussed creation of objects; gufo:wasCreatedIn is extended to endurants in general. Further, in that work "createdBy" required the event to "bring about" a situation in which the created object is present. We relax this requirement here, such that the object may be created and terminated in the scope of the identified gufo:Event. A. B. Benevides, J. R. Bourguet, G. Guizzardi, R. Penãloza, and J. P. A. Almeida, “Representing a reference foundational ontology of events in SROIQ,” Applied ontology, vol. 14, iss. 3, p. 293–334, 2019. <http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/AO-190214>
wasTerminatedIn
Identifies the gufo:Event in which the gufo:Endurant was brought to an end. For example, the Space Shuttle Challenger (OV-099) (a gufo:FunctionalComplex) was destroyed during the launch of its tenth flight (a gufo:Event). Benevides et al. (2019) only discussed termination of objects; gufo:wasCreatedIn is extended to endurants in general. This means that a gufo:Relator (such as a marriage) can be declared terminated. Further, in that work "terminatedBy" required the event to be "triggered" by a situation in which the terminated object is present. We relax this requirement here, such that the object may be created and terminated in the scope of the identified gufo:Event. A. B. Benevides, J. R. Bourguet, G. Guizzardi, R. Penãloza, and J. P. A. Almeida, “Representing a reference foundational ontology of events in SROIQ,” Applied ontology, vol. 14, iss. 3, p. 293–334, 2019. <http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/AO-190214>
Acquaintance Relationship
An interpersonal relationship of social acquaintance — agents who have met and know one another (the reified form of hasMet).
Adoptive Parent-Child
A parent-child relationship established by adoption.
Article
A written work published in a periodical, blog, or scholarly venue.
Biological Parent-Child
A parent-child relationship by biological descent.
Blockchain Account
An address-controlled account on a blockchain or distributed ledger — the entity that holds assets, signs transactions, or controls a smart contract. Aligns to CAIP-10 account identifiers and did:pkh.
Book Release
A concrete published edition or release of a book — an out-of-universe information object and rights-bearing publication artifact. Distinct from the in-universe narrative frame it contributes to; linked via gmeow:sourceFor.
Contract
A legally enforceable agreement.
Credential
An educational or occupational credential held by an agent — a degree, certification, or license.
DKIM Signature
A DomainKeys Identified Mail signature (RFC 6376) over selected headers and the body.
Dataset
A collection of data published as a unit.
Family
A kinship group of persons related by descent, marriage, or adoption.
Foster Parent-Child
A parent-child relationship through fostering.
Language Creation
The activity of creating or generating a language — a conlanger's design work or an AI model's generation run. Linked to its product by gmeow:wasGeneratedBy (the language → activity) and to its agent by gmeow:wasAssociatedWith; the language is ascribed to its creator with gmeow:wasAttributedTo (a gmeow:SoftwareAgent for an AI-generated language).
Language Version
A concrete, dated revision of a language that is itself a fully usable language (Ithkuil 1993 / 2011 / New Ithkuil; an AI language v1 / v2). Subclass of gmeow:Language so a version bears its own scripts, names and status; gmeow:versionOf links it to the lineage language, gmeow:supersedes orders versions, and gmeow:wasDerivedFrom records derivation. Forward-looking for rapidly-versioned AI languages.
Measured Value
An alias for gmeow:Quantity — the measured-value perspective on the same value×unit/frame×determinacy×provenance bundle (#77). Equivalent to gmeow:Quantity and gmeow:ScalarQuantity. Provided for consumers who prefer the 'measured value' terminology common in metrology and sensor standards.
Media Object
An image, audio, or video media file.
PGP Signature
An OpenPGP signature (RFC 4880/9580, PGP-MIME RFC 3156) over a message, bound to a PGP key.
Patent
A granted or filed patent describing an invention.
Place Naming
A DEFINED specialization of gmeow:NameUsage whose named entity is a gmeow:Place — a time/audience/register-scoped use of a toponym. Defined, NOT asserted: any NameUsage that names a Place is inferred to be a PlaceNaming (≡ gmeow:NameUsage ⊓ ∃gmeow:usageNamed.gmeow:Place), so place-naming reuses the NameUsage relator instead of minting a parallel relator (Principle 6, greenfield/no-redundancy). The reified counterpart of CIDOC-CRM's time-spanned crm:E48 Place Name / crm:E41 Appellation. Competing and historical place names coexist as co-equal PlaceNamings with no primary; superseded ones set gmeow:displayable false (Principle 10). The toponymic authority is gmeow:usageAuthority; the name's language is gmeow:nameLanguage on the bound gmeow:PlaceName (reached via gmeow:usageAppellation).
Professional Relationship
An interpersonal relationship arising from work — colleagues, collaborators, a client and a provider (the reified form of hasWorkedWith).
S/MIME Signature
An S/MIME signature (RFC 8551) over a message, bound to an X.509 certificate.
Sensory Observation
An observation produced by a sensor or sensory apparatus reading a physical property of the environment. Specialises Observation with sensor-specific properties (sensory property, sensor platform, sampling feature).
Serial Installment
A single issue, episode, or chapter of a serial creative work — a comic issue, TV episode, magazine issue, or serial chapter. An out-of-universe publication artifact distinct from the narrative frame it sources.
Step Parent-Child
A parent-child relationship through marriage to a biological/adoptive parent.
Summary
A condensed account derived from a source information object (often machine-generated), linked to its source by gmeow:wasDerivedFrom.
Telephone Number
A contact point reachable by telephone.
Text Extraction
The text content extracted from a source object (e.g. a PDF attachment), linked to its source by gmeow:wasDerivedFrom.
access URL
The join/access URL of a virtual location.
according to
The standpoint / frame within which the annotated statement is asserted true — *according to whom*. DISTINCT from gmeow:wasAttributedTo (which source RECORDED the claim) and gmeow:confidence (how sure we are); a claim may carry all three with no inferential bridge among them. Its value is a gmeow:Agent (a polity, community, or organization IRI) or a gmeow:Standpoint individual (a frame that needs its own identity). When a statement is promoted to a reified gmeow:Observation, gmeow:accordingTo becomes the gmeow:vantage of the relator (vantage ⊑ accordingTo — documented, not axiomatised, because accordingTo is an AnnotationProperty and vantage is an ObjectProperty). Standpoint-TIME — when the frame held this position — rides gmeow:validFrom / gmeow:validUntil on the same statement in the light case, or a reified gmeow:StandpointTenure when the adoption / withdrawal is itself the fact of interest. The range is intentionally open. An unindexed statement is held according to gmeow:universalStandpoint (the uncontested global facts).
account key
Relates an online account to the cryptographic key that identifies it — the seam joining a decentralized-identity account (e.g. a Nostr account's nostrPubkey literal) to the key as a first-class entity.
account name
The handle or user name identifying the account on its service.
acquire license page
A page where a licence to use the asset may be acquired (schema:acquireLicensePage).
accept tracking
Accept that use of the asset may be tracked (odrl:acceptTracking).
aggregate
Use the asset within an aggregation with other assets (odrl:aggregate).
annotate
Add explanatory notations to the asset (odrl:annotate).
anonymize
Anonymise identifying information in the asset (odrl:anonymize).
archive
Store the asset for long-term preservation (odrl:archive).
attribute
Credit the rights holder (odrl:attribute; cc:Attribution) — typically the action of an attribution duty.
commercialize
Use the asset for commercial advantage (odrl:commercialize; cc:CommercialUse).
compensate
Compensate the assigner by payment (odrl:compensate) — typically a duty.
concurrent use
Permit a limited number of concurrent uses (odrl:concurrentUse).
delete
Permanently remove all copies of the asset (odrl:delete).
derive / modify
Create derivative / adapted works from the asset (odrl:derive; cc:DerivativeWorks).
digitize
Produce a digital copy of a physical asset (odrl:digitize).
display
Display the asset, e.g. on screen (odrl:display).
distribute
Distribute / publish copies of the asset (odrl:distribute; cc:Distribution).
ensure exclusivity
Guarantee exclusivity of the granted rights (odrl:ensureExclusivity) — a duty.
execute
Run / execute the asset (e.g. software) (odrl:execute).
extract
Extract part of the asset (odrl:extract) — e.g. for text/data mining.
give
Transfer ownership of the asset to another party without compensation (odrl:give).
grant use
Grant the use of the asset to third parties (odrl:grantUse).
include
Include other related assets in the asset (odrl:include).
index
Record the asset in an index (odrl:index).
inform
Inform a party that an action has occurred (odrl:inform) — a duty.
install
Install the asset on a device (odrl:install).
lease
Make the asset available for use for a period in return for payment (odrl:lease).
lend
Make the asset available for temporary use without transferring ownership (odrl:lend).
modify
Change existing content of the asset (odrl:modify).
move
Move the asset from one digital location to another, deleting the original (odrl:move).
next policy
Apply a subsequent policy to a re-distributed asset (odrl:nextPolicy).
obtain consent
Obtain the holder's prior consent before exercising a permission (odrl:obtainConsent).
play
Render the asset as audio/video (odrl:play).
present / display
Publicly present, perform or display the asset (odrl:present).
print
Create a hard-copy rendition of the asset (odrl:print).
process personal data
Process personal data about a data subject — the privacy-regulated action (aligned to dpv:Processing and odrl:use).
read
Obtain data from the asset (odrl:read).
reproduce
Make copies of the asset (odrl:reproduce; cc:Reproduction).
retain notice
Preserve copyright / licence notices (cc:Notice) — typically the action of a notice duty.
review policy
Review the policy applicable to the asset (odrl:reviewPolicy) — a duty.
sell
Transfer ownership of the asset in return for payment (odrl:sell).
share alike
Distribute derivatives under the same licence (odrl:shareAlike; cc:ShareAlike) — typically the action of a share-alike duty.
stream
Deliver the asset as a real-time stream (odrl:stream).
synchronize
Use the asset in timed relation with another asset (odrl:synchronize).
text to speech
Render text of the asset as synthesized speech (odrl:textToSpeech).
transfer
Transfer ownership of the asset to another party (odrl:transfer).
transform
Convert the asset into a different format (odrl:transform).
translate
Translate the asset into another language (odrl:translate).
uninstall
Remove an installed asset from a device (odrl:uninstall).
use
Use the asset (the broad odrl:use action).
watermark
Apply a watermark to the asset (odrl:watermark) — a duty.
ActivityPub actor
The ActivityPub actor IRI of a federated-social account.
address holder
The agent who held the contact point over the tenure's interval.
address locality
The locality (city or town) coordinate value of a postal address, expressed along the gmeow:axisAddressLocality axis of the postal reference frame.
address place
The geographic place a postal address denotes (typically the premises/building) — the seam from the as-written address to the resolved place hierarchy, its coordinates/geometry, and its external identifiers.
address region
The region (state, province, or territory) coordinate value of a postal address, expressed along the gmeow:axisAddressRegion axis of the postal reference frame.
address value
The normalized addr-spec of an email address.
adjacent to
Relates a location to another location it is adjacent to.
after
Allen AFTER: this event begins strictly after the related event ends; the transitive inverse of gmeow:before. (= time:intervalAfter; TimeML AFTER; TEO after.)
average
The arithmetic mean of a numeric property over entities within the aggregation region.
centroid
The geometric centre of the aggregation region or of the entities within it. Computed by the solver layer (Principle 12).
count
The number of entities within the aggregation region.
density
The number of entities per unit area within the aggregation region. Computed by the solver layer (Principle 12).
maximum
The largest value of a numeric property over entities within the aggregation region.
minimum
The smallest value of a numeric property over entities within the aggregation region.
sum
The arithmetic sum of a numeric property over entities within the aggregation region.
aggregation function
The statistical function applied to the entities in the aggregation region — count, sum, average, density, minimum, maximum, or centroid.
as GeoJSON
A GeoJSON serialization of a geometry. The range is rdfs:Literal (not geo:geoJSONLiteral) to stay within the OWL 2 DL datatype map; data may still tag the literal ^^geo:geoJSONLiteral, and the alignment to geo:asGeoJSON preserves GeoSPARQL semantics for spatial engines.
as WKT
A Well-Known Text (WKT) serialization of a geometry. The range is rdfs:Literal (not geo:wktLiteral) to stay within the OWL 2 DL datatype map; data may still tag the literal ^^geo:wktLiteral, and the alignment to geo:asWKT preserves GeoSPARQL semantics for spatial engines.
none
ISO-TimeML aspect NONE.
perfective
ISO-TimeML aspect PERFECTIVE.
perfective-progressive
ISO-TimeML aspect PERFECTIVE_PROGRESSIVE.
progressive
ISO-TimeML aspect PROGRESSIVE.
at time
The instant at which a point-like event or observation occurred.
attestation artifact
The concrete carrier (in-toto JSON, VC, DSSE envelope, C2PA manifest, etc.) that embodies an attestation. Non-functional: an attestation may be carried by multiple equivalent artifacts under different formats.
attestation policy
The policy under which an attestation was issued — a value vocabulary individual naming the rules or framework the attester followed. Non-functional: competing policy interpretations coexist (Principle 9).
attestation type
The type of attestation being made — a value vocabulary individual from gmeow:AttestationType. Non-functional: an attestation may carry multiple type tags (e.g. both SLSA provenance and DSSE envelope).
AI output attestation
blockchain claim
C2PA manifest
DSSE envelope
EAT token
git signed tag
in-toto attestation
nanopublication
quality report attestation
release manifest
SCITT signed statement
SLSA provenance
signed RDF graph
verifiable credential
attested claim
The observation or claim that an attestation vouches for, when the subject of the attestation is itself a claim rather than a bare entity. Non-functional: an attestation may vouch for several related claims simultaneously.
attribution text
The credit line to display when reusing the asset (schema:creditText; cc:attributionName) — e.g. "Photo by Jane Doe / CC BY 4.0". The structured holder is gmeow:wasAttributedTo / gmeow:copyrightHolder.
attribution url
The URL the attribution credit should link to when reusing the asset (cc:attributionURL).
authentication method
The authentication method checked: dkim, spf, dmarc, arc, iprev, or auth.
authentication result
The verdict of an authentication check: pass, fail, none, softfail, neutral, temperror, or permerror.
authentication server
The authentication-serv-id (authserv-id) that performed the check.
authority link
Links a GMEOW entity to a record in an external authority, registry, database, gazetteer, or catalogue by IRI. It is a see-also authority pointer, not an OWL identity merge; assert the strength of the coreference separately with skos:exactMatch or skos:closeMatch. The range is intentionally open. Wikidata is the recommended hub because its cross-references reach many other authorities.
bearing axis
configuration vector axis
A generic n-dimensional configuration vector axis for variable-DOF robots. The actual dimensionality is pushed to the solver layer via CoordinateMatrix.matrixShape (Principle 12).
heading axis
momentum X
momentum Y
momentum Z
quaternion W axis
quaternion X axis
quaternion Y axis
quaternion Z axis
bcc
A blind-carbon-copy recipient address of a message (RFC 5322 Bcc).
BCP-47 tag
An OPTIONAL external BCP-47 language tag used only when projecting GMEOW's internal private-use literals into vocabularies that require standard language-tag literals. Non-functional because a language may expose several valid BCP-47 tags across script, region, or variant contexts; broad registry alignments such as ISO 639-3 codes and Glottocodes remain gmeow:languageCode values.
bearing
The angle between an entity's forward direction and a reference direction (typically north), in degrees.
broader tag
A broader, more general tag. Transitive. Optional: folksonomy stays flat-first.
Chinese calendar
The lunisolar Chinese calendar.
Coptic calendar
The Coptic calendar.
Ethiopian calendar
The Ethiopian calendar, similar to the Coptic.
Hebrew calendar
The lunisolar Hebrew calendar.
ISO week date
The ISO 8601 week-numbering calendar.
Islamic (Hijri) calendar
The lunar Islamic calendar.
Julian calendar
The Julian calendar, predecessor to the Gregorian.
Persian (Solar Hijri) calendar
The solar Persian calendar.
capacity of
The location whose capacity is measured. Functional: a capacity measurement concerns exactly one location (constitutive of the measurement's identity).
A carbon-copy recipient address of a message (RFC 5322 Cc).
CEFR A1
CEFR A2
CEFR B1
CEFR B2
CEFR C1
CEFR C2
celestial epoch
The epoch (Julian year, e.g. 2000.0) for which the coordinates are expressed. Required for proper-motion propagation; frame-relative per Principle 11.
celestial object type
The kind(s) of a celestial location (one or more gmeow:CelestialObjectType individuals). Non-functional: multi-source classifications may differ (e.g. a source classified as both 'star' and 'variable star') and must coexist as evidence.
asteroid
star cluster
comet
galaxy
nebula
planet
spacecraft / artificial satellite
star
certification level
How carefully the binding was verified (OpenPGP certification level): generic, persona, casual, or positive.
cites source
Relates a citation to the source it points into.
claim modality
The modality (unequivocal, probable, conceivable, refuted) assigned to a StandpointClaim. Semantically equivalent to observationResult for StandpointClaims, but not declared rdfs:subPropertyOf because StandpointModality (a gufo:QualityValue / abstract individual) is disjoint from gmeow:Entity (a gufo:Endurant) in the DL profile. When a StandpointClaim is flattened to an annotated statement, claimModality becomes standpointModality.
claimed media type
The MIME media type CLAIMED by a filename's extension (e.g. ".pdf" → "application/pdf"). A claim by the name, which may disagree with gmeow:detectedMediaType. Non-functional.
coarsen to
Disclosure control: marks a value/relator so that at projection time it is generalized to no finer than the named gmeow:GranularityLevel — a coarser ancestor is emitted instead of the precise value (e.g. an enclosing city rather than exact coordinates), never by deletion. The generalization sibling of gmeow:displayable false (withhold); together they are the single 'withhold or coarsen under a trigger' mechanism of CONSTITUTION P10. Domain-free, like gmeow:displayable. The coarse value is obtained by walking gmeow:generalizesVia (default gmeow:partOf); any geometry/geomask computation stays in the solver layer (P12). When both apply, displayable false (withhold) wins over coarsen.
coarser than
Orders the granularity axis: relates a granularity level to a finer level it generalizes (country gmeow:coarserThan city). Transitive; the partial order that makes 'at or above a target level' well-defined for coarsening, and mirrors skos:broader between the levels.
coincides with
Allen EQUALS: this event and the related event share the same temporal extent (co-temporal). Symmetric and transitive. Asserts TEMPORAL simultaneity only, never identity of the events themselves. (= time:intervalEquals; TimeML SIMULTANEOUS; TEO equal.)
conditions of access
Human-readable conditions under which the asset may be accessed (schema:conditionsOfAccess), e.g. "on-site access only".
conferred by event
The life event that conferred or changed an appellation — a gmeow:LifeEvent carrying a gmeow:eventType such as gmeow:eventTypeChristening, gmeow:eventTypeNameChange, gmeow:eventTypeMarriage (a married name), or gmeow:eventTypeAdoption. Non-functional. The seam joining the names module to the events module's event spine.
confidence
Confidence in a claim, in the closed interval [0,1], attached to the statement it qualifies.
confirmation depth
The number of blocks confirming a transaction or log entry since its inclusion. Domain-free.
policy void on conflict
The ODRL invalid conflict-resolution strategy (odrl:invalid).
permission wins
The ODRL perm conflict-resolution strategy (odrl:perm).
prohibition wins
The ODRL prohibit conflict-resolution strategy (odrl:prohibit).
conflict strategy
How a rights statement resolves a permission/prohibition conflict over the same action (odrl:conflict): gmeow:conflictPerm (permission wins), gmeow:conflictProhibit (prohibition wins), gmeow:conflictInvalid (the policy is void). Functional.
connection source
The source of a reified Connection.
connection target
The target of a reified Connection.
temporally contains
Allen CONTAINS: this event's extent strictly contains the related event's extent; the transitive inverse of gmeow:during. A TEMPORAL relation only — not spatial (gmeow:containedInPlace) nor mereological (gmeow:hasSubEvent). (= time:intervalContains; TimeML INCLUDES; TEO contains.)
content digest
A content hash of the source's bytes (e.g. "blake3:…") — the reliable carrier identity (two imports of the same bytes are the same source, regardless of mtime or path). Not functional: a source may carry digests under several algorithms.
coordinate frame
Relates a set of coordinates to the reference frame they are expressed in.
coordinate matrix frame
The reference frame in which this CoordinateMatrix is expressed. Functional: a matrix is expressed in exactly one frame; frame transformation is a solver concern (Principle 12). Sub-property of gmeow:hasReferenceFrame so the frame-inheritance property chain (isResultOf ∘ hasReferenceFrame ⊑ hasReferenceFrame) applies automatically.
coordinate observation of
The place whose coordinates or geometry are being observed — the observedFeature of a coordinate observation. Subproperty of gmeow:spatialMeasurementOf (itself a subproperty of gmeow:observedFeature) so generic consumers can query all observations without knowing the domain.
copyright notice
The human-readable copyright notice (schema:copyrightNotice), e.g. "© 2026 Blackcat Informatics Inc."
copyright status
The copyright status of a work — one of the gmeow:CopyrightStatus values (in-copyright / public-domain / no-known-copyright / not-evaluated), aligned to RightsStatements.org and PREMIS. Functional.
in copyright
The work is protected by copyright (RightsStatements.org InC).
in copyright — educational use permitted
In copyright, educational use permitted (RightsStatements.org InC-EDU).
in copyright — EU orphan work
In copyright, an EU orphan work (RightsStatements.org InC-OW-EU).
in copyright — non-commercial use permitted
In copyright, non-commercial use permitted (RightsStatements.org InC-NC).
in copyright — rights-holder unlocatable
In copyright, rights-holder(s) unlocatable or unidentifiable (RightsStatements.org InC-RUU).
no copyright — contractual restrictions
No copyright, contractual restrictions apply (RightsStatements.org NoC-CR).
no copyright — non-commercial use only
No copyright, non-commercial use only (RightsStatements.org NoC-NC).
no copyright — other known legal restrictions
No copyright, other known legal restrictions (RightsStatements.org NoC-OKLR).
no copyright — United States
No copyright in the United States (RightsStatements.org NoC-US).
no known copyright
No copyright is known to subsist, after evaluation (RightsStatements.org NKC).
copyright not evaluated
The copyright status has not been evaluated (RightsStatements.org CNE).
public domain
The work is in the public domain (the CC public-domain mark; RightsStatements.org NoC-related).
copyright undetermined
Copyright undetermined (RightsStatements.org UND).
copyright year
The year copyright was asserted (schema:copyrightYear). Typed rdfs:Literal in the TBox to stay OWL 2 DL (xsd:gYear is not an OWL 2 datatype); data carries an xsd:gYear value.
counterpart of
Relates two GMEOW entities that are recognisable counterparts across realms, frames, datasets, editions, or modelling contexts without being safely mergeable. Symmetric but deliberately not transitive: counterparts preserve cross-realm linkage while avoiding owl:sameAs collapse of contested, standpoint-indexed, or context-dependent claims.
country code
The country code coordinate value of a postal address, expressed along the gmeow:axisCountryCode axis of the postal reference frame. The intended value is an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code (e.g. "CA"), but this is a convention, not an enforced datatype facet. Non-functional: sources vary ("CA" / "Canada" / "CAN").
date published
The date a creative work was published or issued.
amino acid racemization
dendrochronology
electron spin resonance (ESR)
optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)
paleomagnetism
potassium-argon (K-Ar)
radiocarbon dating (14C)
thermoluminescence
uranium-lead (U-Pb)
declination
Declination in degrees (−90 to +90). Frame-relative: the meaning depends on the coordinateFrame.
delivers to account
Relates an email address to the online account it delivers to — the seam joining an address (held by an agent) to the account a message resides in.
description
A free-text note or description about an entity — the unstructured NOTE field (a biography, a remark, an annotation). Genuinely flat: unlike names, dates or roles, a note has no structure to reify. Distinct from skos:definition, which documents ontology TERMS rather than instances. Language-tag the literal where applicable; non-functional.
design goal
The stated design goal/purpose of an engineered or constructed language (Lojban's syntactic unambiguity, Ithkuil's cognitive precision, an IAL's ease of learning). A literal; non-functional.
detected media type
The MIME media type DETECTED from the bytes/magic of an information object (the observed type). May disagree with a filename's gmeow:claimedMediaType — a mismatch is recorded, not reasoned into a contradiction. Non-functional.
disputed
fuzzy
developer
Relates a software project to an agent that develops it.
boustrophedon
contextual / bidirectional
left-to-right
non-linear
right-to-left
vertical, columns left-to-right
vertical, columns right-to-left
display name
The display name as rendered in this particular header occurrence.
displayable
Whether a name or identity facet may be shown in interfaces and reports. The ONLY display control in the model — across naming (gmeow:Appellation) and identity (gmeow:IdentityFacet: gender/orientation), deliberately no preferred/primary marker (display selection is locale-relative and symmetric). It is intentionally domain-free so it applies to both. Superseded names (especially deadnames) and superseded gender/orientation labels set this false; consumers MUST honour false and never surface the string. NOT functional: in a multi-source merge, sources may disagree, and those claims must coexist rather than force a global inconsistency — the cautious value (false) wins at the projection layer. Cardinality is enforced by SHACL on data, not by the logical core.
domain part
The domain part of an email address.
duration value
The length of a gmeow:Duration as an xsd:duration literal (ISO 8601, e.g. P1Y2M / PT3H). DL-clean; the TEO hasNormalizedDuration 0Y0M0W0D0H0m0s string is a projection target.
during interval
Relates a time-scoped relation to the interval over which it holds.
earliest start
The earliest instant at which an event could have started — the lower bound of a fuzzy / approximate date (xsd:dateTime). Pairs with gmeow:latestEnd and a gmeow:temporalPrecision value to model uncertainty without abandoning DL-clean base triples.
edition of
Relates a concrete edition, issue, or manifestation of a creative work to the stable work it editions. Functional per edition, non-merge semantics: editions remain first-class works with their own identifiers, dates, rights, and provenance.
EDTF value
An ISO 8601-2 (EDTF) expression of an instant or interval, stored as a plain literal. EDTF parsing and normalization are solver-layer concerns (Principle 12).
elevation
Elevation above sea level in metres.
email
An email address at which an agent can be reached.
ended at time
The instant at which a time interval ends; absent if the interval is still open.
endorses
A convenience shortcut recording that one agent vouches for another. Deliberately NOT symmetric (endorsement is directional) and NOT transitive (trust must not propagate inside the reasoner — that is the metric the perspectival TrustAssertion bounds). Use gmeow:TrustAssertion for leveled, dated, perspectival trust.
environment at instant
The instant at which this point-like SensoryEnvironment holds. For interval-scoped environments, use gmeow:environmentDuringInterval instead.
environment during interval
The time interval over which this SensoryEnvironment holds. For point-like environments, use gmeow:environmentAtInstant instead.
Euler order
The order of rotations for the Euler-angle representation (e.g., 'XYZ', 'ZYX', 'ZXZ').
event aspect
The grammatical aspect of a textual mention of the event (ISO-TimeML EVENT @aspect). Annotation-layer only; orthogonal to the event's actual temporal placement.
event interval
The crisp, known time interval over which an event occurred (reuses the temporal module's gmeow:TimeInterval). For a point-like occurrence use gmeow:eventTime; for an approximate date use gmeow:earliestStart / gmeow:latestEnd + gmeow:temporalPrecision.
event spacetime
A spacetime slice of an event, expressed as a gmeow:LocationState that carries location, time interval or instant, pose, and optional velocity relative to an explicit reference frame (Principle 11). Reuses LocationState rather than minting a parallel 4D class. Multiple slices may coexist for the same event.
event temporal frame
The temporal frame in which the event's date/interval is expressed — explicit for non-default frames (Principle 11).
event tense
The grammatical tense of a textual mention of the event (ISO-TimeML EVENT @tense). Annotation-layer only; MUST NOT be inferred from, or used to infer, the event's gmeow:eventTime / eventInterval.
event trajectory
The trajectory of a moving event — a parade, march, migration, or procession — describing its continuous space-time path. Reuses the gmeow:Trajectory facility from the locations module (#94). Non-functional: competing trajectory claims from different sources coexist (Principle 9).
event type
The kind(s) of an event, drawn from the open gmeow:EventType value vocabulary. Non-functional: an occurrence may carry several types (a wedding that is also a religious rite), and competing standpoint-indexed type claims coexist rather than contradict.
adoption
The adoption of a person.
annulment
The annulment of a marriage.
baptism
A baptism.
bar mitzvah
A bar mitzvah.
bat mitzvah
A bat mitzvah.
birth
The event of a person being born.
burial
The burial of a deceased person.
census
A person's enumeration in a census.
christening
A christening or naming ceremony.
confirmation
A religious confirmation.
creation
The event of an entity coming into existence — the universal form of birth (person), founding (organization), minting (currency), or realization (reference frame).
cremation
The cremation of a deceased person.
death
The event of a person's death.
destruction
The event of an entity ceasing to exist — the universal form of death (person), dissolution (organization), destruction (place), or retirement (frame, software).
dissolution
The formal dissolution of a structured entity — an organization, agreement, polity, or marriage. Distinct from general destruction in carrying legal or procedural formality.
divorce
The legal dissolution of a marriage.
emigration
A person's emigration from a country.
engagement
A betrothal or engagement to marry.
first communion
A first communion.
funeral
A funeral or memorial service.
graduation
Graduation from an educational program.
immigration
A person's immigration into a country.
marriage
The event of two persons entering into marriage.
military service
A period of military service.
name change
A formal change of name.
naturalization
The grant of citizenship by naturalization.
ordination
Ordination into religious office.
probate
The probate of an estate.
residence
A person's residence at a place over a period.
retirement
Retirement from working life.
separation
A legal or informal marital separation.
supersession
The event of one entity replacing another — a transformation, merger, or reorganization where a predecessor entity ceases and a successor entity begins (e.g. Soviet Union → Russian Federation).
will
The making of a will.
existence creation event
The creation event associated with this existence record. Optional: an EntityExistence may record only an interval when the creation event is unknown.
existence destruction event
The destruction event associated with this existence record. Optional: an EntityExistence for a still-extant entity has no destruction event.
existence interval
The time interval over which an entity exists. Open-ended (no end instant) when the entity is still extant. Non-functional: in a multi-source merge, different sources may give different bounds, and those claims coexist as standpoint-indexed statements. Carries its temporal frame via gmeow:hasTemporalFrame on the TimeInterval (Principle 11).
androgynous
feminine
fluid
masculine
neutral
extended address
The extended-address coordinate value of a postal address, expressed along the gmeow:axisExtendedAddress axis of the postal reference frame.
auditory access
Access for people with auditory impairments — visual alarms, induction loops, sign language.
physical clearance
Sufficient physical space for passage — doorway width, corridor width, turning radius, vertical clearance.
cognitive access
Access for people with cognitive impairments — clear signage, simple wayfinding, sensory-quiet spaces.
life-support access
Access for people who require life-support equipment — power outlets, oxygen, climate control, emergency protocols.
step-free access
Access without steps or stairs — ramps, lifts, level entrances.
visual access
Access for people with visual impairments — tactile paving, audio signals, high contrast, braille.
wheelchair access
Access for wheelchair users — level surfaces, ramps, elevators, wide doorways.
filename
The filename of an attachment.
finality status
The finality status of a ledger transaction or block. Domain-free.
confirmed
finalized
orphaned
pending
reorged
fingerprint
A fingerprint (hash) identifying a key. Not functional: different sources may report differing or differently-formatted fingerprints for the same key.
finished by
Allen FINISHED-BY: inverse of gmeow:finishes. (= time:intervalFinishedBy; TimeML ENDED_BY; TEO finishedBy.)
cylindrical
narrative
A frame whose structure is defined by canon, continuity, and narrative topology rather than geometric coordinates. Distance is measured in narrative proximity (plot relevance, character interaction), not metres or degrees.
narrative / fictional
A fictional, literary, or narrative domain in which in-universe claims hold relative to a canon or continuity frame.
from
The author address of a message (RFC 5322 From).
full name
The complete surface form of an appellation as a single string, in the natural order of its culture (language-/script-tag the literal, e.g. "山田太郎"@ja, "Yamada Tarō"@ja-Latn). Authoritative for display. Non-functional: spellings/transliterations from different sources coexist.
agender
bigender
demiboy
demigirl
genderfluid
genderqueer
man
non-binary
questioning
Two-Spirit
An umbrella term specific to certain Indigenous North American cultures; not a generic synonym for non-binary and to be used only self-referentially within those contexts.
generalizes via
Projection-compiler guidance naming the transitive part/whole property to walk when coarsening a value (e.g. gmeow:containedInPlace for places). Defaults to gmeow:partOf when absent. An annotation property — it directs generalization without imposing logical semantics, keeping the core OWL 2 DL.
geocode frame
The geocoding reference frame in which this code is expressed. Functional: a geocode is expressed in exactly one frame.
geocode value
The string value of a geocode in its reference frame — the canonical literal carrier. Per-system properties (plusCode, what3words, …) are convenience accessors; a single Geocode instance carries exactly one code value (enforced by SHACL).
geohash
A geohash string — a hierarchical spatial indexing system encoding latitude and longitude into a base32 string (e.g. 'u4pruydqqvj').
geometry determinacy
The ontic determinacy model of a geometry's boundary — crisp (surveyed), vague (approximate), fuzzy (probabilistic), or disputed. Non-functional: competing source classifications coexist.
geometry type
The structural kind of a geometry (a gmeow:GeometryType individual). Non-functional: competing source classifications may differ (e.g. polygon vs multipolygon) and must coexist as evidence.
line string
multi-line string
multi-point
multi-polygon
point
polygon
century level
country level
has accessibility feature
Relates a location to an accessibility facet it positively provides. Non-functional: a location may support many facets. A location MAY simultaneously carry hasAccessibilityFeature and hasBarrier for the SAME facet (e.g. a ramp at the front entrance and stairs at the side entrance).
has accessibility need
Relates an entity to an accessibility facet it requires in order to reach or use a location. Non-functional: needs are co-equal facets (Principle 9). There is no 'primary need' — all asserted needs coexist.
has agreement
Relates an agent to an agreement it is party to. The party-ship period is carried with gmeow:validFrom/validUntil on this statement; the agreement's own term/effective dates live on the gmeow:Agreement individual (no double-modelling).
has agreement name
Relates an agreement to a structured gmeow:AgreementName it bears; the agreement-scoped specialization of gmeow:hasAppellation. Non-functional — an agreement may bear many co-equal names (formal title, short name, multilingual versions); none is primary.
has attachment
Relates a message to one of its attachments.
has authentication result
Relates a message to an authentication check performed on it.
has author
Relates a creative work to an agent chiefly responsible for creating its intellectual content.
has barrier
Relates a location to an accessibility facet it impedes. Non-functional: a location may have multiple barriers. A location MAY simultaneously carry hasAccessibilityFeature and hasBarrier for the SAME facet (e.g. a ramp at the front entrance and stairs at the side entrance).
has bin
Links a spatial aggregation to one of its constituent spatial bins. Non-functional: a bin may participate in multiple aggregations.
has cadastral reference
Relates a place (typically a parcel, lot, or spatial unit) to a structured cadastral reference issued by a registry.
has celestial coordinates
Relates a celestial location to its equatorial or other sky coordinates.
has centroid
The geometric centroid of a place — a flat shortcut for the common case. The full relator form is a SpatialAggregation with aggregationFunction aggCentroid, carrying provenance, frame, and solver reference.
has child
Relates a person to a child; the inverse of hasParent.
has contact point
Relates an agent to a means of contacting it.
has coordinate matrix
Specifies a transformation or projection matrix associated with a coordinate axis, a homogeneous 4×4 pose matrix combining translation and rotation, a general n-D coordinate matrix (e.g. latent vector, configuration-space joint angles) on a SpatialCoordinates instance, or a geocode identifier string on a Geocode instance (treated as a 1×1 identifier matrix, Principle 11).
has coordinates
Relates a place to its geographic point coordinates. Flat shortcut for the common case; the full relator form is a CoordinateObservation linking the place to a GeoCoordinates result via gmeow:coordinateResult, carrying provenance, reference frame, confidence, and standpoint (Principle 3). Non-simple: derived via property chain from the reified observation path.
has copyright
Relates a work to its reified copyright.
has creation event
Links an entity to the event that brought it into existence — the general form of birth (person), founding (organization), minting (currency), or realization (reference frame). Non-functional: competing standpoint-indexed creation claims coexist, none privileged. A Person's birth event is ALSO typed gmeow:eventTypeBirth (co-equal value, not a subclass).
has data controller
The data controller responsible for processing personal data under a rights statement — the agent that determines the purposes and means of processing.
has data subject
The data subject whose personal data is governed by a rights statement — the individual about whom personal data is processed. Not a subproperty of gmeow:hasParty because a rights statement (an ODRL policy) is not an agreement; the party model is reused at the licence level.
has destruction event
Links an entity to the event that ended its existence — the general form of death (person), dissolution (organization), destruction (place), or retirement (frame, software). Non-functional: competing standpoint-indexed destruction claims coexist. A Person's death event is ALSO typed gmeow:eventTypeDeath. Suppression (gmeow:displayable false) is a display contract; destruction is an ontic fact — the entity is retained, merely marked as no longer extant.
has duration
Relates an event to its duration (a gmeow:Duration). Distinct from gmeow:eventInterval (which anchors the event in time); a duration is a length only.
has duty
Relates a rights statement (or a permission) to a duty / obligation that must be discharged (an odrl:duty / odrl:obligation rule). The domain is the union of gmeow:RightsStatement and gmeow:Permission, so a permission may carry its own duties without being misclassified as a rights statement.
has end instant
The end instant of a time interval; absent if the interval is open-ended.
has father
Relates a person to a male parent.
has gender expression
Relates a person to a self-asserted gender-expression facet. Non-functional and contextual. MUST NOT be inferred from gmeow:hasGenderIdentity, gmeow:sexAssignedAtBirth, pronouns or honorifics.
has gender identity
Relates a person to a self-asserted gender-identity facet they hold. Non-functional and contextual — a person bears many co-equal identities; a superseded one is kept with gmeow:displayable false, never deleted. MUST NOT be inferred from gmeow:hasPronounSet, gmeow:honorific, gmeow:hasGenderExpression or gmeow:sexAssignedAtBirth.
has geocode
Relates a place to an alternative geocoding identifier expressed in a specific reference frame. Non-functional: a place may have multiple geocodes in different systems, and competing geocodes for the same system may coexist as standpoint-indexed claims (Principle 9).
has geometry
Relates a place to its spatial geometry (point, line, or polygon). Flat shortcut for the common case; the full relator form is a CoordinateObservation linking the place to a Geometry result via gmeow:geometryResult, carrying provenance, reference frame, confidence, and standpoint (Principle 3). Non-simple: derived via property chain from the reified observation path.
has granularity
Relates a value, place, period, coordinate or measurement to its own resolution level — the explicit 'no silent precision' facet, queryable independently of any disclosure control. Domain-free. NOT functional: in a multi-source merge sources may state different resolutions, and those claims coexist rather than force the reasoner to collapse distinct levels.
has header
Relates a message to one of its RFC 5322 headers.
has keyword
Relates a message to a flag/keyword applied to it.
has measured condition
An objective measurement of the ambient conditions, expressed as a CoordinateMatrix in a measurement reference frame. Non-functional: multiple instruments may produce competing measurements, and those claims coexist rather than collapse (Principle 9).
has member
Relates an organization to one of its member agents; the inverse of memberOf.
has message participant
Relates a message to one of its reified address occurrences.
has met
Records that two agents have met; symmetric. The occasion/period is carried with gmeow:validFrom/validUntil on the statement.
has mother
Relates a person to a female parent.
has name
Relates a person to a structured, typed PersonName they bear; the person-scoped specialization of gmeow:hasAppellation. Non-functional — a person bears many co-equal names.
has name part
Relates an appellation to one of its reified, typed parts. Non-functional — a name has many parts. A specialized information-object component relation under the universal gmeow:hasPart spine.
has narrative frame relation
The relationship(s) this narrative frame bears to another frame — canon, alternate continuity, expanded universe, fanon, crossover, adaptation. Non-functional: competing relation claims from different standpoints coexist (Principle 9). Flat shortcut; promote to gmeow:NarrativeFrameLink when the binding between source, target, and relation type must be explicit.
has network address
Relates a virtual location to a network address that locates it within a network topology.
has occupancy
Links a location to an occupancy measurement describing the current number of entities located at it. Flat form for the common case; promote to full reified Occupancy when vantage, confidence, temporal scope, or standpoint matter.
has occupation
Relates a person to an occupation they hold or have held.
has organization name
Relates an organization to a structured gmeow:OrganizationName it bears; the organization-scoped specialization of gmeow:hasAppellation, mirroring gmeow:hasName for persons and gmeow:hasPlaceName for places. Non-functional — an organization bears many co-equal names (legal, trading, former, multilingual); none is primary, and superseded ones set gmeow:displayable false.
has participant
An agent that took part in an event — the flat 80%-case shortcut. Non-functional. Promote to a gmeow:Participation node when the role, period, confidence, or evidence of the participation must be recorded.
has partner
Relates a couple relationship to one of its two partners.
has perceived condition
A standpoint-indexed perceived value about the ambient conditions, expressed as a SensoryPerception in a MentalReferenceFrame. Non-functional: multiple perceivers may produce competing perceptions, and those claims coexist rather than collapse (Principle 9).
has permission
Relates a rights statement to a permission it grants (an odrl:permission rule).
has place name
Relates a geographic gmeow:Place to a structured gmeow:PlaceName (toponym) it bears; the place-scoped specialization of gmeow:hasAppellation, mirroring gmeow:hasName for persons. Non-functional — a place bears many co-equal names (endonym/exonym, multilingual, historical); none is primary, and superseded ones set gmeow:displayable false. The structured, first-class replacement for the retired flat gmeow:alternateName literal.
has pose
Associates an entity with a frame-relative pose (position + orientation).
has pose orientation
The rotational component of a pose.
has pose position
The translational component of a pose, expressed as spatial coordinates in the pose frame.
has privacy notice
Relates an entity or rights statement to its privacy notice. Domain-free: a notice may be attached to a RightsStatement, a Licence, or directly to the governed entity.
has profile
Links an entity, value or frame to the Profile that governs its structure.
has prohibition
Relates a rights statement to a prohibition it imposes (an odrl:prohibition rule).
has pronoun set
Relates a person to a pronoun set they go by. Non-functional and contextual (scope a context-specific set with gmeow:validFrom/validUntil on the statement, or via a NameUsage). A form of ADDRESS, sex/gender-independent — MUST NOT be inferred from gender identity/expression, sex-assigned-at-birth or orientation.
has recurrence rule
Relates an event series to the recurrence rule by which it repeats.
has reference position
The origin position of a celestial reference frame (topocentric, geocentric, barycentric, heliocentric). Functional: a frame has exactly one reference position.
has relay hop
Relates a message to a hop in its delivery path.
has repository
Relates a software project to a source-code repository.
has rights statement
Relates an entity (typically a gmeow:CreativeWork or gmeow:InformationObject) to a machine-readable rights statement that governs it — the GMEOW analogue of odrl:hasPolicy.
has role
Relates a membership to the role the member plays.
has romantic orientation
Relates a person to a self-asserted romantic-orientation facet. Non-functional and contextual; a superseded one is kept with gmeow:displayable false, never deleted. MUST NOT be inferred from gmeow:hasSexualOrientation, gmeow:hasGenderIdentity, gmeow:sexAssignedAtBirth, pronouns or honorifics.
has route
Relates a thing to a route that starts from, ends at, or passes through it.
has route segment
A sub-route that is part of a larger route. A specialization of the universal gmeow:hasPart spine.
has sensitivity
Relates a value, entity, or claim to its privacy-sensitivity level — the explicit facet that drives disclosure-control decisions (coarsenTo / displayable) at projection time under a consent guard. Domain-free (universal, like hasGranularity and hasDeterminacy). NOT functional: in a multi-source merge sources may state different sensitivity levels, and those claims coexist rather than force the reasoner to collapse distinct levels. Distinct from gmeow:confidence (epistemic certainty) and from gmeow:hasDeterminacy (ontic model).
has sequence coordinates
Links a sequence feature to its frame-relative coordinates. Non-functional: competing coordinate claims from different assemblies or alignment methods coexist as evidence (Principle 9).
has sequence feature
Links a biological sequence location to a feature annotation on that sequence. Non-functional: a single location may carry multiple features (overlapping genes, nested exons, multiple SNPs).
has sexual orientation
Relates a person to a self-asserted sexual-orientation facet. Non-functional and contextual; a superseded one is kept with gmeow:displayable false, never deleted. MUST NOT be inferred from gmeow:hasRomanticOrientation, gmeow:hasGenderIdentity, gmeow:sexAssignedAtBirth, pronouns or honorifics.
has sibling
Relates a person to a sibling; symmetric.
has signature
Relates an entity, attestation, or artifact to a cryptographic signature over it. Domain-free (universal spine): anything may carry a signature. The message-specific convenience property with domain gmeow:Message lives in the messaging-trust module as a historical subproperty.
has skill
Relates an agent to a skill it possesses.
has software name
Relates a software project to a structured gmeow:SoftwareName it bears; the software-project-scoped specialization of gmeow:hasAppellation. Non-functional — a project may bear many co-equal names (codename, product name, localized names); none is primary.
has source
Relates an entity or reified claim to a source that provides evidence for it. The strength of that evidence is recorded with gmeow:confidence on the supported statement.
has spouse
Relates a person to a spouse; symmetric.
has start instant
The start instant of a time interval.
has stream
Links an entity to a stream of observations or samples about it. Non-functional: an entity may have multiple co-existing streams from different platforms or sensors (Principle 9), and no stream is privileged.
has sub-event
Relates an event to a constituent sub-event; the transitive inverse of gmeow:subEventOf.
has tag
Relates an entity to a user-minted tag — the 80% flat shortcut. Non-functional: an entity may carry many co-equal tags. Period, confidence, tagger and suppression are carried via RDF-star statement annotations (gmeow:validFrom, gmeow:validUntil, gmeow:confidence, gmeow:displayable) on the shortcut; promote to a gmeow:Tagging relator when the act itself must be a node.
has temporal frame
Relates a time interval to the temporal frame in which its bounds are expressed.
has time scale
The time standard associated with a celestial reference frame. Functional: a frame uses exactly one time scale.
has title
Relates a creative work to a structured gmeow:CreativeWorkTitle it bears; the creative-work-scoped specialization of gmeow:hasAppellation. Non-functional — a work bears many co-equal titles (original, translated, transliterated, regional); none is primary, and superseded ones set gmeow:displayable false. The structured replacement for the flat gmeow:title literal when multilingual or statement-level metadata is needed.
has trademark
Relates an entity (a mark, product or organization) to a trademark right over it.
has trajectory sample
A discrete location-state sample composing this trajectory. Non-functional: a trajectory typically has many samples, and multiple sampling strategies (e.g. GPS every second vs. radar every minute) may coexist for the same trajectory (Principle 9).
has unit
Relates a quantitative value or measurement to its QUDT unit (by reference, never imported). Domain-free: used by temporal measurements, spatial measurements, and any other quantified claim.
has used
Records that an agent has used some entity (a tool, service, or work). The period is carried with gmeow:validFrom/validUntil on the statement.
has utilization
Links a location to a utilization measurement describing the ratio of occupancy to capacity. Flat form for the common case; promote to full reified Utilization when vantage, confidence, temporal scope, or standpoint matter.
has web page
Relates an entity to a web page representing it — a homepage, a profile page, a project site. The structured form of a 'website / URL' field: the page is a first-class gmeow:WebPage (documents module) whose IRI is its URL, so it can itself carry a title, language, and rights. Non-functional — an entity may have several pages.
has worked with
Records that two agents have worked together; symmetric. The period is carried with gmeow:validFrom/validUntil on the statement, or reified as a gmeow:ProfessionalRelationship.
header name
The field name of a message header.
header value
The field value of a message header.
heading
The compass direction an entity is facing, typically clockwise from north, in degrees.
holds account
Relates an agent to an online account it holds.
holds key
Relates an agent to a cryptographic key it holds. The period over which the agent held the key may be carried with gmeow:validFrom/validUntil on this statement.
honorific
An honorific/title of address for a person (a gmeow:Honorific value). Non-functional and contextual. A form of ADDRESS, sex/gender-independent — MUST NOT be inferred from gender identity/expression, sex-assigned-at-birth or orientation.
honorific class
The domain/class of an honorific (academic, clerical, noble, military, judicial, social).
military
Dame
Hon
Lady
Lord
Mrs
honorific position
Whether an honorific is rendered before (prefix) or after (suffix) the name.
Prof
Rev
-sama
-san
Sayyid
Sir
Smt (Srimati)
Sri
hop ordinal
The position of a hop within the message path (1 = closest to the origin).
identifier
A formal identifier of a creative work, such as a DOI or patent number.
importance level
Relative import/source importance of a claim on a 0–10 scale; projection takes the maximum across imports.
in reference assembly
The reference assembly (e.g. GRCh38) in which these sequence coordinates are expressed. Functional: a coordinate tuple is expressed in exactly one assembly; coordinates in another assembly are a different SequenceCoordinates instance (Principle 11).
in reply to
Relates a message to the message it directly replies to (RFC 5322 In-Reply-To).
in temporal frame
Relates an instant to the temporal frame in which its value is expressed.
ingested at
When an import activity recorded its claims into the system — the transaction time. Distinct from gmeow:assertedAt (observation) and gmeow:validFrom/validUntil (validity).
instant value
The crisp instant as an xsd:dateTime literal in the associated temporal frame.
intersex variation
An optional free-text note recording an intersex variation, for inclusivity where gmeow:sexAssignedAtBirth gmeow:saabIntersex is insufficient. Deliberately a plain note, NOT a clinical DSD taxonomy and NOT a value vocabulary — GMEOW does not model medical sex characteristics in depth.
interval after
Allen AFTER: this interval begins strictly after the related interval ends. Transitive inverse of gmeow:intervalBefore. (= time:intervalAfter)
interval coincides with
Allen EQUALS: this interval and the related interval share the same temporal extent. Symmetric and transitive. TEMPORAL simultaneity only, never identity of the intervals themselves. (= time:intervalEquals)
interval contains
Allen CONTAINS: this interval's extent strictly contains the related interval's extent. Transitive inverse of gmeow:intervalDuring. (= time:intervalContains)
interval finished by
Allen FINISHED-BY: inverse of gmeow:intervalFinishes. (= time:intervalFinishedBy)
interval meets
Allen MEETS: this interval ends exactly when the related interval begins. NOT transitive. Inverse of gmeow:intervalMetBy. (= time:intervalMeets)
interval overlapped by
Allen OVERLAPPED-BY: inverse of gmeow:intervalOverlaps. (= time:intervalOverlappedBy)
interval started by
Allen STARTED-BY: inverse of gmeow:intervalStarts. (= time:intervalStartedBy)
introducer amount
The trust-signature amount/weight the trustor assigns to the trustee as an introducer.
introducer depth
The trust-signature depth: how many levels of indirect introducers the trustor is willing to follow (a trust-signature notion, not computed here).
is accessible for free
Whether the asset is accessible without payment (schema:isAccessibleForFree).
is OSI approved
Whether the licence is approved by the Open Source Initiative (spdx:isOsiApproved).
jurisdiction determinacy
The ontic determinacy model of this jurisdiction claim — crisp (well-defined border), vague (approximate boundary), fuzzy (probabilistic membership), or disputed (competing claims). Non-functional: sources may disagree on determinacy, and those claims coexist.
key algorithm
The key's algorithm (e.g. rsa, ed25519, secp256k1). Not functional (source-variable).
key expires at
The instant a key is set to expire. Not functional (sources may report different expiry, and subkeys differ).
key id
A short identifier for a key (e.g. a PGP long key id). Not functional (source-variable).
key material
The public key material itself (armored or hex form). Not functional (encodings vary by source).
key scheme
The scheme/format of a cryptographic key (one of the gmeow:KeyScheme individuals). Functional: a key has exactly one scheme — a key of a different scheme is a different key.
Nostr
OpenPGP
SSH
answered
draft
flagged
forwarded
junk
seen
language code
An OPTIONAL registry code for a language (a BCP-47 tag "ja", an ISO 639-3 code "jpn", a Glottocode). A see-also alignment value, NEVER identity — a code-less conlang or AI-language is fully first-class. Authoritative identity is the self-minted IRI; assert registry coreference with skos:exactMatch and gmeow:authorityLink. Non-functional (a language carries codes in several registries).
language modality
The sensory/transmission modality/modalities of a language (gmeow:LanguageModality individuals). Non-functional — many languages are multimodal (spoken and written).
language origin
The origin kind(s) of a language (gmeow:LanguageOrigin individuals). Non-functional — a contact language may be both creole and mixed.
language status
The vitality status of a language (a gmeow:LanguageStatus value). Non-functional: source classifications coexist; period carried with gmeow:validFrom/validUntil on the statement.
language tag
The internal private-use BCP-47 language tag (e.g., 'x-gmeow-japanese') used for @lang annotations on string literals representing this language.
latest end
The latest instant by which an event must have ended — the upper bound of a fuzzy / approximate date (xsd:dateTime). Pairs with gmeow:earliestStart and a gmeow:temporalPrecision value.
latitude
The latitude of a geographic point in decimal degrees.
ledger inclusion proof
A cryptographic inclusion proof for a transaction, event, or transparency log entry. Domain-free: applies to LedgerTransaction, LedgerEvent, TransparencyLogEntry, and Block.
absolute position
The ODRL absolutePosition constraint dimension (odrl:absolutePosition).
absolute size
The ODRL absoluteSize constraint dimension (odrl:absoluteSize).
absolute spatial position
The ODRL absoluteSpatialPosition constraint dimension (odrl:absoluteSpatialPosition).
absolute temporal position
The ODRL absoluteTemporalPosition constraint dimension (odrl:absoluteTemporalPosition).
use count
The ODRL count constraint dimension (odrl:count).
date/time
The ODRL dateTime constraint dimension (odrl:dateTime).
delay period
The ODRL delayPeriod constraint dimension (odrl:delayPeriod).
delivery channel
The ODRL deliveryChannel constraint dimension (odrl:deliveryChannel).
device
The ODRL device constraint dimension (odrl:device).
elapsed time
The ODRL elapsedTime constraint dimension (odrl:elapsedTime).
event
The ODRL event constraint dimension (odrl:event).
file format
The ODRL fileFormat constraint dimension (odrl:fileFormat).
industry
The ODRL industry constraint dimension (odrl:industry).
language
The ODRL language constraint dimension (odrl:language).
media context
The ODRL media constraint dimension (odrl:media).
metered time
The ODRL meteredTime constraint dimension (odrl:meteredTime).
pay amount
The ODRL payAmount constraint dimension (odrl:payAmount).
percentage
The ODRL percentage constraint dimension (odrl:percentage).
product context
The ODRL product constraint dimension (odrl:product).
purpose
The ODRL purpose constraint dimension (odrl:purpose).
recipient
The ODRL recipient constraint dimension (odrl:recipient).
relative position
The ODRL relativePosition constraint dimension (odrl:relativePosition).
relative size
The ODRL relativeSize constraint dimension (odrl:relativeSize).
relative spatial position
The ODRL relativeSpatialPosition constraint dimension (odrl:relativeSpatialPosition).
relative temporal position
The ODRL relativeTemporalPosition constraint dimension (odrl:relativeTemporalPosition).
rendition resolution
The ODRL resolution constraint dimension (odrl:resolution).
spatial region
The ODRL spatial constraint dimension (odrl:spatial).
spatial coordinates
The ODRL spatialCoordinates constraint dimension (odrl:spatialCoordinates).
system
The ODRL system constraint dimension (odrl:system).
system device
The ODRL systemDevice constraint dimension (odrl:systemDevice).
recurring time interval
The ODRL timeInterval constraint dimension (odrl:timeInterval).
unit of count
The ODRL unitOfCount constraint dimension (odrl:unitOfCount).
asset version
The ODRL version constraint dimension (odrl:version).
virtual location
The ODRL virtualLocation constraint dimension (odrl:virtualLocation).
heritage
native
level scale
The scale a proficiency-level individual belongs to (e.g. cefrB2 levelScale scaleCEFR). Functional.
license family
The family a licence belongs to — one of the gmeow:LicenseFamily values. Functional.
Creative Commons
A Creative Commons licence (CC BY, CC BY-SA, CC BY-NC, …).
copyleft
A copyleft / share-alike licence (the GPL family, EUPL, CC BY-SA, ODbL).
dual-licensed
Offered under more than one licence at the recipient's choice (e.g. open plus commercial).
permissive
A permissive software/data licence (MIT, BSD, Apache-2.0, ODC-BY).
proprietary
A proprietary / all-rights-reserved licence.
A public-domain dedication / mark (CC0, the public-domain mark).
license text
The full legal text of a licence (spdx:licenseText).
licensee
The party receiving a licence (odrl:assignee). A specialisation of gmeow:hasParty. Absent on an open / public licence offered to everyone.
list id
The mailing-list identifier a message was distributed through (RFC 2919 List-Id).
local part
The local part of an email address.
and (all)
The ODRL and logical-constraint operator (odrl:and).
and (ordered)
The ODRL andSequence logical-constraint operator (odrl:andSequence).
or (any)
The ODRL or logical-constraint operator (odrl:or).
exactly one
The ODRL xone logical-constraint operator (odrl:xone).
longitude
The longitude of a geographic point in decimal degrees.
mailbox name
The display name of a mailbox or label.
mailbox of account
Relates a mailbox to the online account that holds it.
mailbox role
The special-use role of a mailbox (JMAP role): inbox, archive, drafts, sent, trash, junk, templates.
mapped from
The source property a claim was derived from during ingestion, recorded for mapping-step audit.
mark text
The textual form of a mark (the brand name / word mark), e.g. "Blackcat Informatics".
matrix shape
The shape descriptor of a CoordinateMatrix (e.g. '4×1' for a colourspace tuple, '256×1' for a spectral vector, '640×480×3' for a thermal image). Enables the solver layer to parse matrixValue correctly without inferring shape from the literal content (Principle 12).
matrix value
The serialised numeric content of a CoordinateMatrix — a vector, matrix, or tensor expressed as a literal (e.g. a JSON array, a WKT-like tuple string, or a base64-encoded binary blob). The serialisation format is frame-specific and is interpreted by the solver layer (Principle 12).
measured age
The numeric age yielded by a temporal measurement, in the unit given by gmeow:hasUnit.
measurement determinacy
The ontic determinacy model of a temporal measurement — crisp, vague, fuzzy, probabilistic, or disputed. Bridges to gmeow:hasDeterminacy (rdfs:subPropertyOf) so generic consumers can query determinacy uniformly across all domains.
measurement method
The dating method used for a temporal measurement. Bridges to gmeow:observationMethod (rdfs:subPropertyOf) so generic consumers can query all observations by method without knowing the domain.
measurement uncertainty
The uncertainty (e.g. ±1 sigma) of a temporal measurement, in the same unit as the measured age.
media type
The MIME media type of a body part (e.g. text/plain, application/pdf).
meets
Allen MEETS: this event ends exactly when the related event begins (no gap, no overlap). NOT transitive. Inverse of gmeow:metBy. (= time:intervalMeets; TimeML IBEFORE / immediately-before; TEO meets.)
membership interval
The time interval over which this version membership / role claim holds. A relator carries its period this way (matching gmeow:usageInterval, gmeow:taggingInterval, gmeow:relationshipInterval) rather than via gmeow:duringInterval, which is reserved for gufo:Situation-based time-scoped relations.
membership member
The agent whose membership a gmeow:Membership reifies. Functional — a membership concerns one member (the relator's member role); the flat gmeow:memberOf is the agent→organization shortcut, this connects the reified relator to its member so role and period can be carried.
membership organization
The organization a gmeow:Membership is in. Functional — a membership concerns one organization (which may be a department, i.e. a gmeow:subOrganizationOf a larger org).
delivered-to
envelope-from
envelope-to
errors-to
original-to
reply-to
resent-cc
resent-from
resent-to
return-path
sender
computational model
Observation derived from a computational or mathematical model.
direct observation
Observation by unaided human perception.
expert judgement
Observation based on expert assessment or consensus.
GNSS RTK survey
Coordinate assignment via real-time kinematic GNSS with centimetre-level precision.
GPS survey
Coordinate assignment via Global Positioning System satellite ranging.
instrumental reading
Observation by a calibrated instrument or sensor.
LiDAR survey
Coordinate assignment via light detection and ranging (airborne or terrestrial laser scanning).
photogrammetry
Coordinate assignment via stereo-photographic image triangulation.
remote sensing
Observation from a distance, typically satellite or aerial imagery.
streaming
Collection via a continuous or periodic streaming protocol.
survey
A systematic survey or census procedure.
total station survey
Coordinate assignment via electronic theodolite integrated with electronic distance measurement.
edit distance
String or sequence dissimilarity (Levenshtein, Hamming, Damerau-Levenshtein, etc.).
MGRS
A Military Grid Reference System coordinate — a geocoordinate standard used by NATO militaries (e.g. '33TWN00020001').
mile marker
A linear-referencing mile-marker or chainage — a distance-along-a-line coordinate on a linear feature such as a road, railway, or pipeline (e.g. '42.3'). The unit and direction are solver-layer attributes (Principle 12), or may be declared via gmeow:hasUnit.
minimum population
The minimum population size (k) required for the aggregation result to be disclosed — the k-anonymity parameter. A result failing this check is suppressed at projection time (coarsen or withhold, Principle 10), never deleted.
machine / programmatic
multimodal
signed
spoken
tactile (e.g. Braille, Protactile)
whistled
written
name
A simple label by which an entity is known — the rdfs:label tier, for entities that do not need the full naming apparatus (organizations, software agents, sources, keys). Persons' names are modelled as gmeow:PersonName (names module); a flat given/family ('First Last') rendering is produced by downcasting that structured model in the projection layer, not stored here. Carries no precedence over an entity's other names. Language-tag the literal where applicable.
name language
The first-class gmeow:Language an appellation's surface form is in. Language is ALWAYS a first-class gmeow:Language (registry-INDEPENDENT, self-minted IRI) — never a bare BCP-47 literal; codes (e.g. "ja", "zh") live on the Language via gmeow:languageCode, so a code-less conlang or AI-minted language names co-equally. FUNCTIONAL — exactly one language per appellation: co-equal multilingual names are modelled as SEPARATE co-equal gmeow:Appellation instances (one per language), never by multi-tagging a single name (that is what keeps naming anti-colonial and symmetric). Drives locale-relative, symmetric display selection — never a ranking of one name above another. The script the form is written in is gmeow:nameScript (bridging to a first-class gmeow:WritingSystem).
agnomen (Roman earned epithet)
birth-order / day name
birth surname / maiden name
clan / lineage name
cognomen (Roman family branch)
courtesy / art name
filename extension
generation name (East-Asian lineage marker)
generational ordinal (III / 'the Third')
generational suffix (Jr / Sr)
given name
honorific prefix
honorific suffix
house / estate name
expandable initial
ism (Arabic personal name)
kunya (Arabic teknonym)
laqab (Arabic epithet)
maternal surname
matronymic
middle / additional name
mononym
nasab (Arabic patronymic lineage)
nickname / hypocorism
nisba (Arabic origin / affiliation name)
nomen (Roman gens / clan name)
nobiliary / nominal particle
paternal surname
patronymic
praenomen (Roman personal name)
religious / regnal name
filename stem
surname / family name
teknonym (parent-of name)
name part type
The kind of a name part (a gmeow:NamePartType value). Functional: a single part has one kind — a part that is both a surname and a patronymic is modelled as two parts.
name purpose
The intrinsic kind/purpose(s) of an appellation (legal, birth, chosen, professional, deadname, …) — a gmeow:NamePurpose value. Non-functional: a name may be both legal and chosen.
birth name
ceremonial name
chosen / self-identified name
deadname (historical, do-not-display)
endonym (name used by a place's own inhabitants / a language's own speakers)
exonym (name used by outsiders / in another language)
glossonym (name of a language)
legal name
nickname / familiar name
online handle / username
pen / stage name
professional name
regnal name
religious name
superseded / former name
name script
The ISO 15924 script code of an appellation (e.g. "Hani", "Arab", "Latn"). Available explicitly for indexing alongside a BCP-47 script subtag on the literal.
narrative frame link relation
The relation type (canon, adaptation, crossover, etc.) that holds between the source and target frames in this link. Functional per relator: one relation type per NarrativeFrameLink.
narrative frame link source
The source narrative reference frame in a link. Functional per relator: one source per NarrativeFrameLink.
narrative frame link target
The target narrative reference frame in a link. Functional per relator: one target per NarrativeFrameLink.
native language
Relates an agent to a native (mother-tongue / first) language — a specialization of gmeow:knowsLanguage. Non-functional: a person may have several native languages.
network address frame
The network reference frame in which this address is expressed. Functional: an address is expressed in exactly one frame.
network address type
The kind of a network address (a gmeow:NetworkAddressType individual). Non-functional: competing classifications coexist (Principle 9).
BGP autonomous system
DNS name
IPv4 address
IPv6 address
MAC address
port number
URL
network address value
The literal string value of a network address (e.g. '192.0.2.1', '00:1B:44:11:3A:B7', 'example.com', '443'). Functional: an address has exactly one value string.
NIP-05 identifier
A Nostr NIP-05 identifier (user@domain) verifying a Nostr account against a domain.
Nostr public key
The Nostr public key (npub / hex) identifying a decentralized-identity account.
observation event
The event during which the observation was made — a survey, a census, an excavation, a clinical trial. Links an observation to the temporal occurrence that produced it. For the generating activity (provenance), use gmeow:wasGeneratedBy; this property is the *event* perspective (when did it happen).
observation type
The kind(s) of observation being made — measurement, sensory reading, standpoint claim, derived inference, etc. Non-functional: an observation may be both a measurement and a derived inference (e.g. a calibrated sensor reading that is also machine-learned), and competing type classifications coexist.
derived inference
An observation produced by inference, calculation, or machine learning from other observations.
identity claim
An identity claim — gender identity, gender expression, sexual orientation, or romantic orientation — asserted by or about a person.
kinship claim
A claim about a kinship or genealogical relationship between persons.
measurement
A quantitative or qualitative measurement assigning a value to a feature.
naming claim
A claim about the appellation by which an entity is known in a given context.
rights claim
A claim about the rights, permissions, prohibitions, or duties governing an entity.
sensory reading
A reading from a sensor or sensory apparatus.
simulation output
An observation produced by computational simulation rather than direct measurement.
standpoint claim
An assertion made from a specific standpoint or frame.
A streaming observation — a member of a time-ordered sequence produced by a sensor or platform.
occurrence of series
Relates a concrete event occurrence to the series that issued it; the inverse of gmeow:seriesOccurrence.
equal to
The ODRL eq comparison operator (odrl:eq).
greater than
The ODRL gt comparison operator (odrl:gt).
greater than or equal to
The ODRL gteq comparison operator (odrl:gteq).
has part
The ODRL hasPart comparison operator (odrl:hasPart).
is a
The ODRL isA comparison operator (odrl:isA).
is all of
The ODRL isAllOf comparison operator (odrl:isAllOf).
is any of
The ODRL isAnyOf comparison operator (odrl:isAnyOf).
is none of
The ODRL isNoneOf comparison operator (odrl:isNoneOf).
is part of
The ODRL isPartOf comparison operator (odrl:isPartOf).
less than
The ODRL lt comparison operator (odrl:lt).
less than or equal to
The ODRL lteq comparison operator (odrl:lteq).
not equal to
The ODRL neq comparison operator (odrl:neq).
asexual
bisexual
demisexual
heterosexual
homosexual / gay / lesbian
pansexual
queer
AI / machine-generated
constructed — artistic (e.g. Quenya, Klingon)
constructed — auxiliary (IAL, e.g. Esperanto)
constructed — engineered (e.g. Lojban, Ithkuil)
constructed — ritual / liturgical
creole
formal (logic / schema)
markup
mixed / contact language
natural
pidgin
programming
query
reconstructed (proto-language)
overlapped by
Allen OVERLAPPED-BY: inverse of gmeow:overlaps. (= time:intervalOverlappedBy; TEO overlappedBy.)
overlay designator
The code or designator assigned to this regulatory overlay by its authority — an ICAO airspace identifier, a NOTAM number, a fisheries zone code, etc. Functional: the designator is constitutive of the overlay's administrative identity.
overlay determinacy
The ontic determinacy model of this regulatory overlay's boundary — crisp (surveyed), vague (approximate), fuzzy (probabilistic), or disputed. Non-functional: sources may disagree on determinacy, and those claims coexist.
overlay lower bound
The lower bound of this regulatory overlay in a vertical dimension (altitude, depth, elevation), expressed as a ScalarQuantity with unit (QUDT) and reference frame. Optional: absent for purely 2D overlays. Frame-relative per Principle 11 (e.g. altitude above MSL, flight level, depth below sea level).
overlay regulation
The machine-readable rights statement (permissions, prohibitions, duties) that governs activity within this overlay. Links to the #21 rights facility by reference. Non-functional: multiple legal instruments may apply to the same overlay (e.g. national law + international treaty + local ordinance).
overlay type
The kind(s) of regulatory overlay (a gmeow:RegulatoryOverlayType individual). Non-functional: a single overlay may be classified by multiple sources as different types (e.g. a zone that is both a protected area and an indigenous territory), and those claims coexist as evidence (Principle 9).
aerodrome traffic zone (ATZ)
An area of protected airspace established around an aerodrome for the protection of aerodrome traffic.
airway
A control area or portion thereof established in the form of a corridor equipped with navigation aids, designated by ICAO for channelling the flow of traffic.
alert area
Airspace which may contain a high volume of pilot training or an unusual type of aerial activity, neither of which is hazardous to aircraft.
civil time zone
A geographic area sharing the same standard civil time, typically following political boundaries and designated by an IANA time-zone identifier. The authority is the government or international body that decreed the timezone boundary.
contiguous zone
A band of water extending from the outer edge of the territorial sea to up to 24 nautical miles from the baseline, in which the coastal state may exercise control to prevent infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration, or sanitary laws (UNCLOS Article 33).
continental shelf
The seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond the territorial sea to the outer edge of the continental margin, or to 200 nautical miles from the baseline where the margin does not extend that far (UNCLOS Article 76).
control zone (CTR)
A controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified upper limit, established around an aerodrome (ICAO).
customs zone
A customs territory, free-trade zone, bonded warehouse area, or other zone with special customs/tariff regulations.
electoral district
A constituency or voting district defining the geographic boundary for an election.
fishing zone / EEZ
An exclusive economic zone (EEZ), fisheries management zone, or other maritime area subject to resource-extraction regulation under UNCLOS or bilateral agreement.
flight information region (FIR)
An airspace of defined dimensions within which flight information service and alerting service are provided (ICAO).
high seas
All parts of the sea that are not included in the exclusive economic zone, territorial sea, or internal waters of a state (UNCLOS Article 86).
marine protected area
A clearly defined geographical space in the marine environment recognised, dedicated and managed through legal or other effective means to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values (IUCN definition).
military operations area (MOA)
Airspace established outside controlled airspace to segregate certain military activities from IFR traffic and to identify for VFR traffic where these activities are conducted.
notice to air missions (NOTAM)
A temporary, dynamic regulatory overlay issued to notify pilots of potential hazards or changes to aeronautical facilities, services, or procedures. Typically short-validity; modeled as a RegulatoryOverlay with brief duringInterval.
postal zone
A postal code or ZIP delivery area — a zone designated for mail sorting and delivery by a postal authority.
protected area
A legally-designated protected area such as a national park, wildlife reserve, marine protected area, or wilderness area. Management categories (IUCN Ia–VI) are carried as additional classifications, not as subclasses.
restricted airspace
An airspace restriction including prohibited areas, restricted areas, danger areas, temporary reserved airspace (TRA), temporary segregated airspace (TSA), and no-fly zones. 3D bounds (altitude/ flight levels) are carried via overlayLowerBound / overlayUpperBound.
sanctions / embargo
A territory subject to international or unilateral sanctions, embargoes, or trade restrictions imposed by one or more authorities.
tax district
An administrative area designated for tax assessment, collection, or rate-setting purposes.
terminal control area (TMA/TCA)
A controlled airspace normally established at the confluence of ATS routes in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes (ICAO).
territorial sea
A belt of coastal waters extending up to 12 nautical miles from the baseline of a coastal state, over which the state exercises sovereignty (UNCLOS Article 3).
warning area
Airspace of defined dimensions, extending from 3 NM outward from the coast of the United States, that contains activity which may be hazardous to non-participating aircraft.
zoning / land-use regulation
A land-use zoning overlay designating permitted uses (residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, mixed-use) within a geographic area.
overlay upper bound
The upper bound of this regulatory overlay in a vertical dimension (altitude, depth, elevation), expressed as a ScalarQuantity with unit (QUDT) and reference frame. Optional: absent for purely 2D overlays. Frame-relative per Principle 11.
part expansion
The expanded form of an abbreviated part — e.g. the full word a South-Indian (Tamil) initial stands for.
part of thread
Relates a message to the thread (conversation) it belongs to. A conversation-thread specialization of the universal gmeow:partOf spine.
part order
The 0-based position of a part within its appellation's surface order, as actually written in its culture. Records observed order WITHOUT implying a given-before-family default — East-Asian family-first is simply order 0 = surname.
part text
The string value of a name part. Language-/script-tag the literal where applicable.
participant group
The RFC 5322 group name that contains this address occurrence.
participant header
The RFC 5322 header field from which this occurrence was parsed.
participant ordinal
The zero-based position of this address occurrence.
participation interval
The time interval over which the participation held. (A relator carries its period this way — matching usageInterval / relationshipInterval — rather than via duringInterval.)
participation role
The role(s) the participant played, drawn from the open gmeow:ParticipantRole value vocabulary. NON-FUNCTIONAL — mirroring gmeow:eventType: a participation may bear several roles, and competing standpoint-indexed role claims coexist (accordingTo) rather than contradict (Principle 9). Generalizes the former hasPrincipal / hasWitness / hasOfficiant subproperties.
perception modality
The sensory modality of a SensoryPerception — the channel through which the perception was made.
period contains period
The transitive inverse of gmeow:periodPartOf.
period end
The instant at which a named period ends.
period start
The instant at which a named period begins. Functional nature removed because the property chain below makes periodStart non-simple, and OWL 2 DL forbids non-simple properties in functional axioms (Principle 8). Closed-world single-valuedness lives in SHACL (NamedPeriodShape).
period type
The kind(s) of a named period. Non-functional: competing classifications coexist.
fiscal year
geologic age
historical dynasty
historical era
physical place
The geographic place where a storage location's device physically sits (e.g. the room holding a disk). Absent for purely cloud storage.
pitch
Rotation about the lateral (typically y) axis, in degrees or radians as indicated by the reference frame.
place determinacy
The ontic determinacy model of a place's existence or boundary — crisp, vague, fuzzy, probabilistic, or disputed. Non-functional: in a multi-source merge, sources may state different determinacy models, and those claims coexist.
place superseded by
Links a place to the place that replaced it — Constantinople placeSupersededBy Istanbul, a merged municipality placeSupersededBy its successor. Directional. The superseded place is retained (never deleted) and may carry gmeow:displayable false.
place type
The kind(s) of a place (one or more gmeow:PlaceType individuals). Non-functional: multi-source classifications may differ (a place that is both 'city' and 'administrative area') and must coexist as evidence.
administrative area
building
floor / level
natural feature
neighborhood
parcel / lot
point of interest
room
site / campus
thoroughfare / street
Plus Code
An Open Location Code (Plus Code) — a geocoding system using alphanumeric codes to identify any location on Earth (e.g. '9F4W9C8C+W4').
barrier
A negative accessibility barrier — the subject impedes the facet.
feature
A positive accessibility feature — the subject provides the facet.
limited
A partial or limited accessibility status — the subject provides the facet under some conditions but not all.
pose frame
The coordinate reference frame in which the pose position and orientation are expressed.
post office box
The post-office-box coordinate value of a postal address, expressed along the gmeow:axisPostOfficeBox axis of the postal reference frame.
postal address frame
The postal/administrative reference frame in which this address is expressed. Functional: an address is expressed in exactly one frame. The default is gmeow:referenceFramePostalAddress.
postal code
The postal/ZIP code coordinate value of a postal address, expressed along the gmeow:axisPostalCode axis of the postal reference frame.
circa
The event's time is approximate (circa) — bounded by gmeow:earliestStart / gmeow:latestEnd.
day
The event's time is known to the day.
decade
The event's time is known only to the decade.
month
The event's time is known to the month.
year
The event's time is known to the year.
preview
A short plain-text preview/snippet of a message's body.
probable
Likely true according to the standpoint — held more strongly than merely possible, but short of settled (CRMinf belief value 'probable').
comprehension
listening
overall
reading
signing
speaking
writing
proficiency agent
The agent whose proficiency a language-proficiency expresses. Functional — constitutive of the proficiency.
proficiency interval
The interval over which a language-proficiency held (proficiency changes over a life). Lighter cases use gmeow:validFrom/validUntil on the statement.
proficiency language
The language a language-proficiency concerns. Functional — constitutive.
proficiency level
The attained level of a language-proficiency (a gmeow:ProficiencyLevel value, e.g. cefrB2, levelNative). Functional.
proficiency modality
The skill modality a language-proficiency rates (speaking, listening, reading, writing, signing, comprehension, overall) — a gmeow:ProficiencyModality value. Functional: mint one proficiency per (agent, language, modality) so per-skill levels coexist.
proficiency scale
The framework/scale a proficiency level is measured on (CEFR, ILR, ACTFL, self-reported) — a gmeow:ProficiencyScale value. Functional.
profile applies to
The class of entities to which this Profile applies.
profile descriptor
A property that is part of this Profile's closed descriptor schema.
profile open value
An open value-vocabulary class (instances are individuals, never subclasses) used by this Profile.
Reference Frame Profile
The closed descriptor schema for gmeow:ReferenceFrame instances: realm, axes, dimensionality, kind, host-dependence, determinacy, metric, and transform descriptors.
Temporal Frame Profile
The closed descriptor schema for gmeow:TemporalFrame instances: the reference-frame spine plus time scale, calendar system, and reference position.
Temporal Provenance Profile (four clocks)
The closed descriptor schema for statement-level temporal provenance: valid-from, valid-until, asserted-at, and recorded-no-later-than. Applies to statements, observations, and any resource whose metadata carries these annotation properties.
ae/aer
any pronouns
ask me
co/cos
e/em (Spivak)
ey/em (Elverson)
fae/faer
he/him
hu/hum
it/its
ki/kin
use my name (no pronouns)
Nounself / name-in-place-of-pronoun: the person prefers their name be used rather than any third-person pronoun. Distinct from pronounAny (any set is acceptable) and pronounAsk (ask first). Carries no five forms by design — it asserts the ABSENCE of a pronoun set, not a particular one.
ne/nem
pronoun object
The object (accusative) form of a pronoun set, e.g. "her", "them", "xem".
one/one (generic)
per/per
pronoun possessive
The possessive pronoun form of a pronoun set, e.g. "hers", "theirs", "xyrs".
pronoun possessive determiner
The possessive determiner form of a pronoun set, e.g. "her", "their", "xyr".
pronoun reflexive
The reflexive form of a pronoun set, e.g. "herself", "themself", "xemself".
she/her
pronoun subject
The subject (nominative) form of a pronoun set, e.g. "she", "they", "xe".
they/them (singular)
thon/thon
ve/ver
vi/vir
xe/xem
ze/hir
ze/zir
zhe/zher
proximity
Links an entity to a proximity measurement describing its distance or dissimilarity to another entity. The measurement carries the scalar value (via observationResult → ScalarQuantity), the reference frame (via hasReferenceFrame), and the target entity (via proximityTo). Flat form for the common case; promote to full reified Measurement when vantage, confidence, temporal scope, or standpoint matter.
proximity to
The target entity to which proximity is measured. Functional: a different target entity is a different proximity measurement (constitutive of the relator's identity).
quality dimension
The quality dimension under which this assessment is made. Non-functional: a single assessment may cover several dimensions (e.g. a report that evaluates both positional accuracy and completeness), and competing dimension classifications coexist rather than collapse (Principle 9).
completeness
Presence or absence of features and their attributes, including commission (excess data) and omission (missing data) (ISO 19157).
lineage
The history, source, and process steps that produced a dataset or entity — the provenance of the data viewed through a quality lens. In GMEOW the structural lineage is recorded by gmeow:wasGeneratedBy, gmeow:wasDerivedFrom, and gmeow:ImportActivity (provenance module); this dimension value marks a quality assessment that evaluates lineage completeness or correctness.
logical consistency
Degree of adherence to logical rules of data structure, attribution, and relationships, including domain consistency, format consistency, and topological consistency (ISO 19157).
positional accuracy
Closeness of the spatial position of a feature to its true position, including absolute accuracy, relative accuracy, and gridded data positional accuracy (ISO 19157).
temporal accuracy
Correctness of the temporal references of a feature (e.g. date, time, period) relative to the true temporal value (ISO 19157).
thematic accuracy
Accuracy of quantitative and qualitative attribute values, including classification correctness and non-quantitative attribute correctness (ISO 19157).
topological consistency
Correctness of the explicitly encoded topological characteristics of a dataset, typically expressed as error counts or conformance to a topological rule set (ISO 19157).
quantity uncertainty
The uncertainty (e.g. ±1 sigma) of a scalar quantity, in the same unit as the quantity value.
quantity value
The numeric value of a scalar quantity.
quaternion W
The w (scalar) component of a unit quaternion representing orientation.
quaternion X
The x component of a unit quaternion representing orientation.
quaternion Y
The y component of a unit quaternion representing orientation.
quaternion Z
The z component of a unit quaternion representing orientation.
raw address value
The raw, unparsed header segment or envelope value for this occurrence.
received at
When a message was received by the storing system (JMAP receivedAt / Gmail internalDate).
recurrence rule text
The recurrence rule as an RFC 5545 RRULE string (e.g. FREQ=WEEKLY;BYDAY=MO). Projected directly to iCalendar RRULE; a SET-typed TIMEX3 in ISO-TimeML.
heliocentric
topocentric (observatory site)
reference authority
The cadastral registry, land titles office, or surveying authority that issued this reference. Functional: a single reference has exactly one issuing authority.
Russell Affective Circumplex Reference Frame
Altitude Above Ground Level Reference Frame
Altitude Above Mean Sea Level Reference Frame
Audio Spectrum Reference Frame
BGP Autonomous System Reference Frame
CIE L*a*b* Perceptually-Uniform Reference Frame
CIE 1931 XYZ Tristimulus Reference Frame
CMYK Colourspace Reference Frame
Celestial Equatorial Reference Frame
Allocentric Cognitive Map Reference Frame
Egocentric Cognitive Map Reference Frame
Gärdenfors Conceptual Space Reference Frame
A generic conceptual space frame after Gärdenfors — domains are convex regions in a similarity metric space. The actual domain-specific axes (colour, taste, shape, etc.) are added per-domain; this seed carries the similarity axis as a placeholder.
DNS Name Space Reference Frame
Depth Below Chart Datum Reference Frame
Depth Below Mean Sea Level Reference Frame
English Language Reference Frame
FK5 Equatorial Reference Frame
ICAO Flight Level Reference Frame
GRCh38 Human Reference Assembly
Galactic Coordinate Reference Frame
Geohash Reference Frame
Gregorian Calendar Reference Frame
Hilbert Space Reference Frame
ICRS Celestial Reference Frame
IPv4 Address Space Reference Frame
IPv6 Address Space Reference Frame
Imagined Space Reference Frame
An imagined or dream-space reference frame — e.g. a memory palace, a dream landscape, or a fictional world. Coordinates are relative to the imaginer's internal representation, not to any external geographic frame.
Latent Vector Space Reference Frame
Local Grid Cartesian Reference Frame
MAC Address Space Reference Frame
MGRS Reference Frame
Linear Referencing (Mile Marker) Reference Frame
Network Graph Reference Frame
Abstract Phase Space Reference Frame (q,p axes)
Plus Code (Open Location Code) Reference Frame
Port Number Space Reference Frame
Postal Address Reference Frame
6-DOF Robot Arm Configuration Space
6-DOF Robot Configuration Space Reference Frame
Robot End-Effector Task Space Reference Frame
Robot Velocity Reference Frame
SI Measurement Reference Frame
sRGB Colourspace Reference Frame
ASHRAE Thermal Comfort Reference Frame
UN/LOCODE Reference Frame
URL Space Reference Frame
US Dollar Currency Reference Frame
Unix Epoch Timestamp Reference Frame
Virtual Platform Reference Frame
WGS 84 Geodetic Reference Frame
what3words Reference Frame
reference jurisdiction
The jurisdiction (country, state, province, or territory) under whose legal framework this cadastral reference is valid. Functional: a single reference has exactly one governing jurisdiction.
reference type
The kind of cadastral reference (parcel ID, folio number, title number, lot number, survey plan reference, etc.). Non-functional: a single reference may be classified by multiple sources as different types.
folio number
A folio number — an identifier used in land-title registers, especially in Commonwealth jurisdictions.
lot number
A lot number — an identifier for a subdivided lot within a larger plan or survey.
parcel identifier
A parcel identifier — the primary identifier assigned to a cadastral parcel by a registry.
survey plan reference
A survey plan reference — an identifier for the official survey plan that defines a parcel's boundaries.
title number
A title number — an identifier for a registered title or deed in a land titles system.
reference value
Exactly one identifier string of the cadastral reference (e.g. 'Lot 42, Plan 12345', 'Folio 67890', 'Title No. ABCD-1234'). Functional: a single CadastralReference has exactly one reference value.
references
Relates a message to an earlier message in its reference chain (RFC 5322 References).
refuted (□¬, false)
□¬_S — settled false according to the standpoint: the standpoint DENIES the proposition (CRMinf belief value 'false'). Distinct from silence (no claim) and from low gmeow:confidence — an explicit, recorded denial. The proposition is carried as the subject of the denial, never asserted as a fact of the universal standpoint.
casual
formal
intimate / familial
professional
registration number
The registry registration number of a trademark (e.g. a CIPO / USPTO / WIPO number).
related tag
A tag related to this tag by an associative link. Symmetric. Optional.
relates to frame
Relates a narrative reference frame to another narrative reference frame with which it stands in a relationship (the nature of which is given by gmeow:hasNarrativeFrameRelation). Non-functional: a frame may relate to many others, and competing relation claims coexist. Flat shortcut; promote to gmeow:NarrativeFrameLink when the binding between source, target, and relation type must be explicit.
adaptation of
A narrative frame that adapts another frame into a different medium or format.
alternate continuity
A divergent continuity that is not the primary canon but is officially recognised (e.g. Marvel Ultimate, Star Wars Legends).
canon
The authoritative, settled continuity of a narrative frame.
crossover
A narrative frame that blends characters or settings from two or more distinct continuities.
expanded universe
Officially licensed material that extends the canon but is not part of the core continuity.
fanon
Community-generated continuity not officially recognised by the rights-holder.
relationship interval
The time interval over which an interpersonal relationship held. (A relator carries its period this way rather than via duringInterval, which is reserved for gufo:Situation-based time-scoped relations.)
relay at
The server timestamp recorded for a relay hop.
relay by
The server that performed a relay hop.
relay from
The host a relay hop received the message from.
relay protocol
The protocol used for a relay hop (e.g. ESMTP, ESMTPS).
reply to
An address to which replies should be sent (RFC 5322 Reply-To).
residence mailbox
The mailbox a mailbox-residence concerns.
resident message
The message a mailbox-residence concerns.
resides in
Relates a message to a mailbox/label it currently resides in. Time-varying residence is reified as gmeow:MailboxResidence; on this convenience property the period may be carried with gmeow:validFrom/validUntil.
RFC message id
The RFC 5322 Message-ID of a message.
right ascension
Right ascension in degrees (0–360). Frame-relative: the meaning depends on the coordinateFrame (ICRS, FK5, etc.).
right operand
The value an atomic constraint tests against (odrl:rightOperand), e.g. "2030-01-01", "EU", "5". For an IRI-valued operand use gmeow:rightOperandReference.
right operand reference
An IRI-valued right operand (odrl:rightOperandReference) — e.g. a place, party, or vocabulary individual the constraint tests against.
rights type
The kind(s) of intellectual-property right a statement concerns — one of the open gmeow:RightsType values (copyright, trademark, patent, industrial design, trade secret, related rights, moral rights, database right, plant breeders' rights). Non-functional: a statement may span several.
copyright
The copyright kind of intellectual-property right (wd:Q1297822).
database right
The database right kind of intellectual-property right (wd:Q688416).
industrial design right
The industrial design right kind of intellectual-property right (wd:Q252799).
moral rights
The moral rights kind of intellectual-property right (wd:Q1057599).
patent
The patent kind of intellectual-property right (wd:Q253623).
plant breeders' rights
The plant breeders' rights kind of intellectual-property right (wd:Q695112).
related rights
The related rights kind of intellectual-property right (wd:Q489344).
trade secret
The trade secret kind of intellectual-property right (wd:Q602938).
trademark
The trademark kind of intellectual-property right (wd:Q167270).
agent
An agent that carried out or caused the event (the active party).
attendee
An agent who attended the event.
beneficiary
An entity that benefited from the event.
canonical
collected
deprecated
long-term support (LTS)
latest
officiant
A person who officiated at the event. Generalizes the former gmeow:hasOfficiant.
organizer
An agent that organized or convened the event.
principal / subject
The entity an event is principally about (e.g. the child in a birth, the deceased in a death). Generalizes the former gmeow:hasPrincipal.
performer
An agent who performed at the event.
published
revised
stable
variant
victim
An entity harmed by the event — distinct from, and never inferred from, any other role.
withdrawn
witness
A person who witnessed the event. Generalizes the former gmeow:hasWitness.
yanked
roll
Rotation about the longitudinal (typically x) axis, in degrees or radians as indicated by the reference frame.
romanization
A Latin-script transliteration of THIS SAME appellation in another script (e.g. "Yamada Tarō" for "山田太郎"; pinyin for a Chinese name). Strictly a transliteration of one name — it NEVER bridges two distinct co-equal names (a Mandarin name is not the romanization of a Latin one).
Name the system that produced the romanization with gmeow:transliterationScheme (languages module) — Hepburn vs Kunrei for Japanese, Pinyin vs Wade-Giles for Mandarin — so the romanization records HOW it was derived; each scheme is catalogued as an FnO function in the projection layer.
aromantic
biromantic
demiromantic
heteroromantic
homoromantic
panromantic
queerplatonic / queer-romantic
route end
The end of a route.
route kind
The kind of a route (a RouteKind individual).
accessible route
A route computed to satisfy a set of accessibility needs. The actual path is determined by the solver layer (Principle 12), not asserted in OWL.
citation chain
dependency chain
flight path
network path
social path
transit route
walking route
route start
The start of a route.
route via
An intermediate point that a route passes through. The order of via points is computed by the solver layer (Principle 12), not asserted in the OWL core.
rule assignee
The party a rule applies to (odrl:assignee). Absent means the rule applies to everyone (an open offer to the public).
rule consequence
A duty triggered when a rule is unfulfilled or violated — the ODRL consequence (on a duty) / remedy (on a prohibition). The deontic chaining that makes a policy enforceable.
rule constraint
Relates a rule to a constraint that conditions it (odrl:constraint). A permission/prohibition/duty holds only when all its constraints are satisfied.
rule target
The asset a rule regulates (odrl:target). Optional; absent when the rule inherits its target from the enclosing rights statement's gmeow:statementAbout.
assigned female
intersex
assigned male
unknown / not recorded
ACTFL
ILR
major
minor
self-reported
trivial
BGN/PCGN romanization
Hepburn (Japanese → Latin)
IAST (Sanskrit/Indic → Latin)
IPA phonetic transcription
ISO 15919 (Indic → Latin)
ISO 233 (Arabic → Latin)
Kunrei-shiki (Japanese → Latin)
McCune-Reischauer (Korean → Latin)
Nihon-shiki (Japanese → Latin)
Hanyu Pinyin (Mandarin → Latin)
Revised Romanization (Korean → Latin)
Wade-Giles (Mandarin → Latin)
script code
The ISO 15924 script code of a writing system ("Latn", "Hani", "Hira", "Kana", "Arab", "Brai") when one exists, else a bespoke identifier for a conlang/AI script with no registered code. The bridge for names' gmeow:nameScript literals to resolve to a first-class WritingSystem. Non-functional.
script role
The functional role a writing system plays for a language in a usage (a gmeow:ScriptRole value). Functional: one role per usage — a script playing two roles is two usages.
decorative
historical / superseded
liturgical
loanword / foreign term
logographic content
primary
syllabic grammar / inflection
transliteration / romanization
script usage interval
The interval over which a writing-system-usage held — e.g. Turkish-in-Arabic-script until 1928. A relator carries its period this way (matching names' NameUsage); lighter cases use gmeow:validFrom/validUntil on the statement. (Distinct from the names module's gmeow:usageInterval, which scopes a NameUsage.)
self-asserted
Whether an identity facet was asserted by the person themselves (true — the top authority) rather than recorded or inferred by a third party (false). Non-functional: a multi-source merge may carry both a self-assertion and a third-party record, which coexist rather than force a contradiction.
The transmitting address of a message, where different from the author (RFC 5322 Sender).
confidential
internal
public
restricted
sensitive personal
sensory modality
The sensory channel(s) through which this environment is measured or perceived. Non-functional: a single environment may span multiple modalities (e.g. a space that is both thermally and acoustically characterised), and competing modality classifications coexist.
air quality
The air-quality/chemical-composition sensory channel.
auditory
The auditory/sound sensory channel.
gustatory
The gustatory/taste sensory channel.
olfactory
The olfactory/smell sensory channel.
tactile
The tactile/touch sensory channel.
thermal
The thermal/temperature sensory channel.
visual
The visual/light sensory channel.
sent at
When a message was sent (RFC 5322 Date).
sequence end
The 1-based inclusive end position of a feature on a biological sequence. Frame-relative: the meaning depends on the inReferenceAssembly (Principle 11).
sequence feature type
The kind(s) of a sequence feature (one or more gmeow:SequenceFeatureType individuals). Non-functional: multi-source classifications may differ (a feature classified as both 'gene' and 'pseudogene' by different sources) and must coexist as evidence (Principle 9).
coding sequence (CDS)
chromosome
exon
gene
intron
single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
sequence start
The 1-based inclusive start position of a feature on a biological sequence. Frame-relative: the meaning depends on the inReferenceAssembly (Principle 11).
sequence strand
The strand orientation of a feature on a double-stranded biological sequence.
sex assigned at birth
The sex recorded for a person at birth (a gmeow:SexAssignedAtBirth value) — a RECORDED administrative datum, NOT a self-asserted identity and NOT a gufo IdentityFacet. Deliberately separate from gender identity/expression, which it never implies and is never implied by. Non-functional: a correction and a prior record coexist rather than contradict.
sharpens
S1 sharpens S2: every precisification S1 admits is also admitted by S2, so S1 is the more specific frame (the standpoint ⊆ / refinement relation of Standpoint Logic; CKR's coverage relation). Transitive. Every standpoint sharpens gmeow:universalStandpoint.
signature algorithm
The algorithm used for a signature (e.g. rsa-sha256, ed25519).
signature recovery address
The blockchain address recovered from a signature's recovery data. Domain-free: may apply to CryptographicSignature or BlockchainAccount.
ECDSA-P256
RSA-SHA256
signed by
The agent (or signing identity) that produced a signature.
signing domain
The domain asserted by a signature (e.g. the DKIM d= tag).
signing key
The cryptographic key that produced a signature (the trust module's CryptographicKey). Complements gmeow:signedBy: signedBy gives the identity, signingKey gives the key — the pair a gmeow:Certification attests.
size estimate
The estimated size of a message in octets.
source for
Relates a creative work (a BookRelease, SerialInstallment, film, game, or other out-of-universe artifact) to the narrative reference frame it contributes to, witnesses, revises, or serves as a source for. Non-functional: a work may source several frames, and a frame may have many sources. The specific role (source, witness, revision, adaptation) is carried by gmeow:accordingTo on the claim or by a reified relator when needed.
source location
Where the source artifact came from — a file path, original filename, or URL. Provenance/audit only; carries no reliable identity.
source modified at
The last-modification time of the source artifact itself (e.g. a file mtime). A terminus-ante-quem on the recording of the claims this source carries — NOT valid-time (tenure) and NOT observation-time. Advisory and resettable; the reliable identity is gmeow:contentDigest. NOT functional: because a source is identified by its content digest, copies/syncs of the same bytes may legitimately report different modification times, which must coexist rather than force an inconsistency.
spatially connects to
Relates a location to another location it is spatially or topologically traversable to — a road segment, a network link, a portal, or a transit stop connection. Symmetric: the link can be traversed in either direction. A specialization of the universal gmeow:connectsTo spine. Distinct from gmeow:adjacentTo (RCC-8 EC: touching but not necessarily traversable) and from gmeow:containedInLocation (mereological containment).
SPDX license name
The full SPDX License List name of a licence (spdx:name), e.g. "Apache License 2.0".
standpoint modality
The belief value a standpoint assigns the annotated proposition — *how* the standpoint holds it, not merely *that* it holds it. This single axis is at least as expressive as BOTH the Standpoint-Logic modal operators (□_S / ◊_S) AND the CRMinf belief value (true / false / probable / possible): gmeow:unequivocal (□, settled true), gmeow:probable (likely true), gmeow:conceivable (◊, possible), gmeow:refuted (□¬, settled false — the standpoint DENIES the proposition). Optional; ABSENT is read as unequivocal. Orthogonal to gmeow:confidence (our certainty about the standpoint's stance) and gmeow:accordingTo (whose frame). Refutation is what lets GMEOW distinguish a standpoint's explicit denial from its silence — the neutral-stance ambiguity flat models cannot resolve.
started at time
The instant at which a time interval begins.
started by
Allen STARTED-BY: inverse of gmeow:starts. (= time:intervalStartedBy; TimeML BEGUN_BY; TEO startedBy.)
state at instant
The instant at which this point-like location state holds. For interval-scoped states, use gmeow:stateDuringInterval instead.
state during interval
The time interval over which this location state holds. For point-like states (a single instant), use gmeow:stateAtInstant instead.
state has angular velocity
The angular velocity of the entity at this location state, expressed as a scalar quantity (value + unit) in the state's reference frame. Non-functional: competing readings coexist (Principle 9).
state has velocity
The linear velocity of the entity at this location state, expressed as a scalar quantity (value + unit) in the state's reference frame. Non-functional: competing velocity readings from different sensors coexist (Principle 9).
state of
The entity whose location state this is — the moving feature whose presence, pose, and velocity are described by this state. Functional: a state belongs to exactly one entity.
state reference frame
The coordinate reference frame in which this location state's pose and velocity are expressed. Functional: a state is expressed in exactly one frame; nested-frame transformations (e.g. satellite relative to ship) are computed by the solver layer (Principle 12).
constructed — actively used
dormant
emerging
extinct
historical
living
proposed
revived
storage medium
The medium of a storage location (a gmeow:StorageMedium individual). Functional: the medium is constitutive of the storage location (a different medium is a different store) — unlike the descriptive, multi-source gmeow:placeType.
cloud service
content-addressed store
local filesystem
object store
physical disk
removable media
storage path
The path, key, or URI of a storage location within its service.
storage service
The service or system hosting a storage location (e.g. "Google Drive", "AWS S3", "local").
stored in
Relates a digital object (e.g. a document or import source) to the storage location where its bytes reside — the structured form of a source's location.
both strands
Applies to both strands, e.g. some regulatory regions.
forward / Watson strand
reverse / Crick strand
stream interval
The time interval over which the stream was produced. Functional: the interval is constitutive of the stream's identity.
stream platform
The platform hosting the sensor(s) producing this stream — a vehicle, vessel, aircraft, buoy, or fixed station. Non-functional: a stream may migrate across platforms over its lifetime (e.g. a device handed from one drone to another).
stream sample
Links a stream to an individual observation, location state, or other entity composing it. Non-functional: a stream typically has many samples, and multiple sampling strategies may coexist for the same stream (Principle 9). Ordering is implicit via sample timestamps, not asserted list structure (Principle 12).
stream sensor
The specific sensor or agent producing the stream. Non-functional: multiple sensors may contribute to one stream, and competing sensor claims coexist (Principle 9).
street address
The street-address coordinate value of a postal address, expressed along the gmeow:axisStreetAddress axis of the postal reference frame.
subject
The subject line of a message (RFC 5322 Subject).
tag in scheme
Relates a tag to a scheme it belongs to. Non-functional: a tag may reside in many schemes (cross-listing).
review
todo
urgent
tagging interval
The time interval over which the tagging act holds. A relator carries its period this way (matching gmeow:usageInterval, gmeow:relationshipInterval) rather than via RDF-star annotations on the relator node.
tagging scheme
The tag scheme within which the tagging act is performed. Functional per relator: one scheme per Tagging (the tag itself may belong to multiple schemes).
telephone
A telephone number at which an agent can be reached.
TAI (atomic, no calendar)
TDB Gregorian (barycentric)
TT Gregorian (dynamical)
UTC Gregorian (civil time)
temporal precision
The granularity to which an event's time is known — a gmeow:TemporalPrecision value (day / month / year / decade / circa). Makes the determinacy of a date explicit instead of pretending every date is to-the-day.
future
ISO-TimeML tense FUTURE.
ISO-TimeML tense NONE (untensed / nominal mention).
past
ISO-TimeML tense PAST.
present
ISO-TimeML tense PRESENT.
tenure determinacy
The ontic determinacy model of this land tenure's boundary or claim — crisp (surveyed), vague (approximate), fuzzy (probabilistic), or disputed. Non-functional: sources may disagree on determinacy, and those claims coexist.
tenure position
The standpoint-indexed claim the tenure says the standpoint held over its interval — a reified statement (a gmeow:StatementMetadata cell in the statement DSL). The range is intentionally left open: the statement-DSL spec layer is not part of the reasoned import closure, so asserting it as rdfs:range would dangle in the merged graph. When a StandpointTenure generates a StandpointClaim observation, the tenurePosition becomes the observedFeature of the claim.
tenure rights
The machine-readable rights statement (permissions, prohibitions, duties) that governs this land tenure. Links to the #21 rights facility by reference. Non-functional: multiple legal instruments may apply to the same tenure (e.g. national law + local ordinance + indigenous treaty).
tenure type
The kind(s) of land tenure (a gmeow:LandTenureType individual). Non-functional: a single tenure may be classified by multiple sources as different types, and those claims coexist as evidence (Principle 9).
crown lease
A lease from the Crown or state — land held under a lease agreement with the sovereign or government, common in Commonwealth jurisdictions.
easement
An easement — a non-possessory right to use land owned by another party for a specific purpose (e.g. right of way, utility corridor).
freehold
A freehold estate — ownership of land for an unlimited duration, subject only to the powers of the Crown or state (allodial title).
leasehold
A leasehold interest — the right to occupy and use land for a specified term under a lease agreement with the owner.
mortgage
A mortgage or charge — a security interest in land granted to a lender as collateral for a debt.
ownership
Full ownership of the land — the right to possess, use, enjoy, and dispose of the property, subject to applicable law.
usufruct
A usufruct — the right to use and derive income from land belonging to another, without impairing its substance.
tenured contact point
The contact point an address-tenure concerns.
text direction
The writing direction(s) of a writing system (gmeow:TextDirection values). Non-functional — Japanese is both vertical-rtl and ltr.
GPS Time
Atomic time scale used by GPS, offset from TAI.
Universal Time 1 (UT1)
Earth-rotation-based time scale; the basis for civil-time solar alignment.
timezone
An IANA time-zone identifier for a location (e.g. "America/Edmonton"). Non-functional: a large place may span several zones.
title
The title of a creative work.
A primary recipient address of a message (RFC 5322 To).
trademark status
The status of a trademark — one of the gmeow:TrademarkStatus values (unregistered ™ / registered ® / pending / expired / cancelled). Functional.
cancelled
A registration that has been cancelled / invalidated.
expired
A registration that has lapsed / expired (retained, not deleted — Principle 10; gmeow:validUntil records when).
A trademark application pending registration.
registered (®)
A registered trademark, asserted with the ® symbol.
unregistered (™)
An unregistered common-law trademark, asserted with the ™ symbol.
trajectory of
The entity whose space-time path this trajectory describes. Functional: a trajectory belongs to exactly one entity.
trajectory reference frame
The coordinate reference frame in which this trajectory's samples are expressed. Functional: a trajectory is expressed in exactly one frame; frame transformation is a solver concern (Principle 12).
transliteration scheme
The named transliteration/romanization system that produced an appellation's gmeow:romanization (Hepburn vs Kunrei for Japanese; Pinyin vs Wade-Giles for Mandarin). Records HOW the romanization was derived. Non-functional. Domain gmeow:Appellation retrofits the names module; the scheme individuals are catalogued as FnO functions in the projection layer.
transparency log entry
A transparency log entry associated with an attestation. Non-functional: an attestation may have entries in multiple logs.
trust level
The degree of owner-trust expressed: ultimate, full, marginal, or none.
UN/LOCODE
A UN/LOCODE — a five-character code identifying transport-related locations (ports, airports, rail terminals) worldwide (e.g. 'GBLHR').
unequivocal (□, true)
□_S — settled / necessary true according to the standpoint: the proposition holds in every precisification the standpoint admits (CRMinf belief value 'true'). The default when no gmeow:standpointModality is given.
universal standpoint (*)
The universal standpoint * — the top of the poset, admitting every precisification: the uncontested global facts every standpoint shares. A statement with no gmeow:accordingTo is held according to the universal standpoint; every standpoint gmeow:sharpens it.
usage audience
The audience or scope in which the appellation is used — an Agent, a Group/Family, or a locale community. Range is gmeow:Entity to admit all of them. Non-functional. ('Aunt Genny' is used toward the family; 欧德理 toward a Sinophone audience.)
usage authority
The naming / toponymic authority behind a name-usage — the gmeow:Agent (a national mapping agency, a standards body, an indigenous community, or a self-asserting individual) that confers or sanctions the appellation in this use. NON-FUNCTIONAL: joint or competing authorities coexist with no privileged claimant (anti-colonial, Principle 9), each attributable and confidence-weighted. (Introduced as namingAuthority by issue #105; named usageAuthority for usage* consistency.)
usage info
Human-readable supplementary usage / licensing information (schema:usageInfo).
usage interval
The time interval over which a name-usage held. (A relator carries its period this way — matching contacts' relationshipInterval — rather than via duringInterval.)
usage language
The language that uses the writing system in a writing-system-usage. Functional — constitutive of the usage (a usage binds exactly one language).
usage namer
An agent who uses the appellation for the named entity — the speaker/perspective holder. Non-functional: a usage may be shared by an audience of agents.
usage register
The social register of a name-usage (formal, intimate, professional, casual) — a gmeow:NameRegister value individual.
usage relationship scope
The interpersonal relationship that scopes a name-usage (e.g. the aunt-niece tie within which 'Aunt Genny' is used) — reuses the contacts relator. A sharper alternative to gmeow:usageAudience when the scope is exactly one standing relationship.
usage writing system
The writing system used by the language in a writing-system-usage. Functional — constitutive of the usage.
uses writing system
Relates a language to a writing system it is written in — the direct relation. Non-functional and CO-EQUAL: Japanese uses Han, Hiragana, Katakana and Latin simultaneously, none primary. When role or period matter, reify the binding as gmeow:WritingSystemUsage.
verification activity
The verification activity performed on an attestation. Non-functional: an attestation may be verified multiple times by different verifiers.
verification result
The result of a verification activity applied to an attestation. Non-functional: multiple verification results may coexist from different verifiers or at different times.
verification status
The verification outcome of a signature: verified, failed, or unverified.
failed
finality pending
policy failed
revoked
unverified
verified
verified by
The agent that produced a verification result. Non-functional: joint verification by multiple agents is valid.
version fingerprint
A content fingerprint of the versioned entity — a hash, SWHID, content digest, or semantic identifier. Broader than gmeow:contentDigest (which is byte-exact and domain gmeow:Source): versionFingerprint covers semantic fingerprints where exact bytes are not the identity criterion (e.g. a normalized form, a canonicalized serialization). Non-functional: a single entity may carry several fingerprints under different algorithms or schemes.
version label
The version designation of an entity as a literal ("1993", "2011", "v2.1.0-beta", "3rd Edition"). Domain is gmeow:Entity so any versioned artifact — a language, a software release, a book edition, a dataset, an email variant — may carry its designation. Non-functional.
version of
Relates a concrete version entity to the stable lineage entity it versions: a language version to its language, a software release to its project, a data release to its dataset, or a work version to its work. Functional because a version belongs to one lineage, but the lineage may have many versions.
version role
The role or status classification this membership asserts for the member within the set — canonical, variant, latest, stable, LTS, deprecated, yanked, draft, published, revised, collected, withdrawn. NON-FUNCTIONAL: an entity may hold multiple roles from different authorities simultaneously (standpoint-indexed coexistence per Principle 9), and a role may change over time via new memberships rather than overwrite.
version scale
The scale classification of this membership — trivial, minor, major. NON-FUNCTIONAL: different authorities or schemes may classify the same change differently; those claims coexist.
virtual location type
The kind(s) of a virtual location (one or more gmeow:VirtualLocationType individuals). Non-functional: multi-source classifications may differ and must coexist as evidence (Principle 9).
chat space
metaverse room
online forum
social media page
streaming channel
video conference
virtual event space
website
virtual platform
The platform hosting a virtual location (Zoom, Meet, a chat service, …).
was associated with
Relates an activity to an agent associated with carrying it out — e.g. the software agent that ran an import. (Activity→Agent; the counterpart of gmeow:wasAttributedTo, which ascribes an endurant Entity to an agent.)
was derived from
Relates a derived entity to the entity it was derived from — e.g. a text extraction, summary, or embedding to its source. The derivation's confidence and generating agent are recorded with gmeow:confidence and gmeow:wasGeneratedBy.
was generated by
Relates an entity to the activity that produced it.
what3words
A what3words address — three words that identify a 3m×3m square on Earth (e.g. 'filled.county.limes').
writing system type
The structural kind(s) of a writing system (gmeow:WritingSystemType values). Non-functional — a script may be classified plurally.
written in language
Relates a software project to a first-class gmeow:ProgrammingLanguage it is written in. Non-functional — a project uses several languages.
abjad
abugida
alphabet
featural
ideographic
logographic
mixed
non-linear (e.g. Ithkuil)
pictographic
syllabary
yaw
Rotation about the vertical (typically z) axis, in degrees or radians as indicated by the reference frame.
ComparativeRelationshipType
A gufo:RelationshipType derived from intrinsic aspects of the related entities. For example, "heavierThan", "olderThan". For a gufo:ComparativeRelationshipType it is recommended to identify the types of intrinsic aspects from which it is derived (see gufo:isDerivedFrom). For example "heavierThan" is derived from the "Weight" quality type. Note that, in the case of relationships that may change in different circumstances or times, the use of a qualified relation pattern enables indicating the period of time in which the relationship holds. See gufo:TemporaryRelationshipSituation. Corresponds to "comparative formal relation" in Guizzardi (2005) and "Comparative Relation" in Fonseca et al. (2019).
FixedCollection
A gufo:Collection for which no change in membership is possible. Such a collection obeys an extensional principle of identity, i.e., two fixed collections are the same if, and only if, they have the same members. Consider, for example, a group of people understood as a gufo:FixedCollection. In this case, any change in the membership of the group (e.g., the addition of one person) would in fact create a different group of people. In this case, the gufo:FixedCollection may be contrasted with the complexes they constitute. For instance, The Beatles (the band conceived as a gufo:FunctionalComplex) was in a certain circumstance constituted by the collection {John, Paul, George, Pete} and in another one constituted by the collection {John, Paul, George, Ringo}. The replacement of Pete Best by Ringo Star does not alter the identity of the band, but creates a different group of people.
IntrinsicMode
A gufo:IntrinsicAspect that is not measurable. For example, Bob's belief that the Eiffel Tower is in Paris, his math skills, his headache. Corresponds to "Mode" in Guizzardi (2005).
Role
A gufo:EndurantType that both sortal and anti-rigid. It is defined by relational instantiation conditions. Roles are relationally dependent types, capturing relational properties shared by instances of a given kind. For example, "Student" may be considered a gufo:Role as a subclass of the gufo:Kind "Person", instantiated by all persons enrolled in a school.
categorizes
Identifies a gufo:Type whose instances may be classified by instances of the categorizing higher-order type. For example, "ShipType" gufo:categorizes "Ship". Instances of "ShipType" such as "Supercarrier" and "Cargoship" should be declared subclasses of "Ship". OWL 2 punning should be used to capture the two facets of "Supercarrier" and "Cargoship" in this example: (i) as instances of "ShipType", and (ii) as subclasses of "Ship". The categorized type is termed the "base type" in the "powertype pattern" see Carvalho et al (2017), the higher-order type is often called the "powertype". gufo:categorizes is the general (unspecific) form of categorization. See gufo:partitions for a more specific form, in which instances of the categorized type are classified by exactly one instance of the higher-order type. The domain is gufo:Type excluding gufo:AbstractIndividualType as well as gufo:ConcreteIndividualTypes because those types are first-order types (their instances are individuals). Only instances of gufo:Type representing higher-order types can categorize a base type. For further details and formalization of "categorization", see Carvalho et al (2017) which combines UFO with MLT (a multi-level modeling theory). V. A. Carvalho, J. P. A. Almeida, C. M. Fonseca, and G. Guizzardi, “Multi-level ontology-based conceptual modeling,” Data & Knowledge Engineering, vol. 109, p. 3–24, 2017. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.datak.2017.03.002>
concernsConstitutedEndurant
Identifies the constituted gufo:Endurant in the gufo:TemporaryConstitutionSituation.
concernsNonRigidType
Identifies the gufo:NonRigidType that is instantiated by the endurant that stands in a gufo:TemporaryInstantiationSituation.
concernsQualityType
Identifies the quality type (a gufo:EndurantType subclassing gufo:Quality) whose value is attributed in the gufo:QualityValueAttributionSituation.
concernsRelatedEndurant
Identifies the related gufo:Endurant in the gufo:TemporaryRelationshipSituation.
concernsRelationshipType
Identifies the gufo:RelationshipType instantiated in the gufo:TemporaryRelationshipSituation.
concernsTemporaryWhole
Identifies the whole (a gufo:Endurant) of which the endurant that stands in the gufo:TemporaryParthoodSituation is part.
hasQualityValue
Determines a quality value associated with the concrete individual. Use gufo:hasReifiedQualityValue instead when quality values are reified. It is recommended that subproperties of gufo:hasQualityValue are created, possibly identifying the datatype to be used. For example, "hasTemperatureValue" could be defined as a sub-property of gufo:hasQualityValue whose domain is "Temperature" (specializing gufo:Quality) and whose range is xsd:double.
isCollectionMemberOf
Identifies a gufo:Collection of which the object is a member. This is the relation between John and a group of persons, and between a cow and its herd. gufo:isCollectionMemberOf is intransitive (Guizzardi, 2005, p. 185). For membership in a gufo:VariableCollection, see gufo:standsInQualifiedParthood.
isComponentOf
Identifies a gufo:FunctionalComplex of which the object is a component. For example, the habitation module is a component of the International Space Station, and so are each of the solar panels; Obama's brain is a component of his body, and so is his heart; the engine is a component of the HMS Queen Elizabeth (R08). gufo:isComponentOf is not transitive in the general case. Particular sub-properties may be transitive (Guizzardi, 2005, p. 183). When a component may change its relation to be whole, see gufo:standsInQualifiedParthood.
isSubCollectionOf
Identifies a gufo:Collection of which the collection is a sub-collection. All members of the sub-collection are members of the identified super-collection. gufo:isSubCollectionOf is transitive (Guizzardi, 2005, p. 186). For parthood involving one or more varied collections, see gufo:standsInQualifiedParthood.
isSubQuantityOf
Identifies a gufo:Quantity of which the quantity is a part. For example, the quantity of water in a wine glass is a sub-quantity of the wine in that glass. gufo:isSubQuantityOf is transitive (Guizzardi, 2005, p. 184). Sub-quantities are always essential parts of their wholes. Thus, gufo:standsInQualifiedParthood is not applicable for sub-quantities.
standsInQualifiedAttribution
Identifies a gufo:QualityValueAttributionSituation in which the endurant stands. The identified gufo:QualityValueAttributionSituation is then used with the gufo:concernsQualityValue data property or the gufo:concernsReifiedQualityValue object property to indicate a quality value attributed to the gufo:Endurant standing in the situation. This forms a pattern to represent that quality values may differ in different situations.
standsInQualifiedInstantiation
Identifies a gufo:TemporaryInstantiationSituation in which the endurant stands. The identified gufo:TemporaryInstantiationSituation is further related with a gufo:NonRigidType through the gufo:concernsNonRigidType object property. This forms a pattern to represent the contigent instantiation of a non-rigid type by the endurant, in which case instantiation may vary in different situations.
standsInQualifiedRelationship
Identifies a gufo:TemporaryRelationshipSituation in which the endurant stands. The identified gufo:TemporaryRelationshipSituation is then used with the gufo:concernsRelatedEndurant and the gufo:concernsRelationshipType object properties to indicate the related element and the type of relationship that applies. This forms a pattern to represent that relationships that may change in different situations. For example, "heavierThan" may change when the objects involved gain or lose weight. For material relations, prefer the use of gufo:Relator.
Agreement Name
An appellation borne by an agreement — a formal title, short name, or multilingual version of a contract or legal instrument. Carries its own gmeow:nameLanguage and gmeow:nameScript so co-equal multilingual names are separate first-class objects.
Attestation Policy
The policy or framework under which an attestation was issued — a value vocabulary (individuals, never subclasses). Open-ended; specific policies are minted as needed.
Biological Sequence Location
A sequence-level container locus — a chromosome, contig, scaffold, or the sequence itself — that hosts SequenceFeature annotations via gmeow:hasSequenceFeature. The features themselves (genes, exons, SNPs, etc.) are SequenceFeature instances with their own coordinates and types; they are not BiologicalSequenceLocation instances.
Blockchain Network
A blockchain network identified by a chain identifier (e.g. CAIP-2 chainId).
Citation
A reference to a specific place within a source (a page, entry, image, or record locator).
Couple Relationship
A reified couple relationship (marriage, civil union, or partnership) between two persons; bears marriage, divorce and related events.
Creative Work Title
An appellation borne by a creative work — a document title, article headline, dataset name, or media title. Carries its own gmeow:nameLanguage and gmeow:nameScript so co-equal multilingual titles (e.g. 'The Matrix' / '黑客帝国') are separate first-class objects, never alternateName subordinates.
Document
A bounded textual or digital document — a file, record, or report.
Filename
An appellation borne by a digital file — a stem and an extension. The extension CLAIMS a content type (gmeow:claimedMediaType) which may disagree with the type detected from the bytes (gmeow:detectedMediaType); the disagreement is recorded as coexisting claims with confidence, never reasoned into a contradiction.
Formal Language
A grammar-defined language with a machine modality and no human native speakers — programming, markup, query, logic, schema, and configuration languages. A thin structural split from gmeow:Language (the sociolinguistic facets — endonym/exonym, co-mingled scripts, native-speaker status — do not apply), complemented by the gmeow:languageOrigin value for fine-grained classification.
Group
A collection of agents treated as a unit without the formal structure of an organization.
Import Activity
An activity that ingested an external source artifact (an import envelope such as a vCard file) and recorded the claims it carried. Carries the ingestion (transaction) time — when the system learned the claims, distinct from when they were asserted or when they hold.
Ledger Event
An event emitted by a smart contract or recorded on a ledger — a log entry, oracle callback, or bridge message.
Ledger Transaction
A transaction recorded on a distributed ledger or blockchain — the information-object representation of the payload, not the on-chain bytes themselves.
Life Event
An event in the life of a person or family — a birth, death, marriage, christening, name change, and so on — to which sources and confidence can be attached. A thin, person-scoped phase of gmeow:Event (NOT a type taxonomy): the specific kind is a gmeow:eventType value (gmeow:eventTypeBirth, …). The seam joining the names module to the event spine: gmeow:conferredByEvent ranges over it.
Occupation
A kind of work or profession, such as those classified by ESCO or SOC.
Organization Name
An appellation borne by an organization — a legal name, a trading / 'doing-business-as' name, or a former name.
Person Name
A structured, typed name borne by a person — birth name, married name, chosen name, alias, religious name — with ordered, typed name parts, an optional honorific, a script/language, and a purpose (gmeow:namePurpose). A person bears many co-equal PersonNames (across life stages and across languages/scripts); their validity period is carried with gmeow:validFrom/validUntil on the bearing statement or by a gmeow:NameUsage.
Place Name
An appellation (toponym) borne by a geographic place via gmeow:hasPlaceName — possibly endonym/exonym (gmeow:namePurpose), multilingual, or historical (held over a period via a gmeow:NameUsage / inferred gmeow:PlaceNaming). The structured, first-class replacement for the retired flat gmeow:alternateName literal, used for gazetteer matching and co-equal multilingual/historical naming.
Privacy Notice
A human- or machine-readable privacy notice informing data subjects about the processing of their personal data — the information-object counterpart of a dpv:PrivacyNotice / schema:PrivacyPolicy. It may be attached to a RightsStatement or to the entity whose data is governed.
Programming Language
A formal language for expressing executable computation (Python, Rust, SQL-as-implemented). The first-class target of gmeow:writtenInLanguage, by which a software project declares the languages it is written in.
Quantity
A universal scalar numeric value bundled with unit/frame, determinacy, and provenance — the synthesis of FRAME-GEN + DET-GEN + OBS (#77). Equivalent to gmeow:ScalarQuantity; the domain-neutral name for the same construct. Used for temperatures, distances, counts, probabilities, masses, prices, and any other quantitative observation result. The value lives in gmeow:quantityValue; the unit/frame in gmeow:hasUnit / gmeow:hasReferenceFrame; the determinacy in gmeow:hasDeterminacy; the provenance in gmeow:isResultOf.
Reference Position
The spatial locus, observatory, timezone, or planetary body relative to which a time is expressed — e.g. an observatory longitude for local sidereal time, an IANA timezone for civil time, or a planet for planetary calendars.
Repository
A version-control repository holding the source code of a software project.
A function or position an agent plays in some context, such as a job title or organizational role.
Skill
A competency or ability an agent possesses.
Smart Contract
A deployed program on a blockchain or distributed ledger, identified by a contract address.
Software Agent
A software process or autonomous program that acts on behalf of a person or organization.
Software Name
An appellation borne by a software project — a product name, project name, or package name. Carries its own gmeow:nameLanguage and gmeow:nameScript so co-equal multilingual names (e.g. localized product names) are separate first-class objects.
Spatial Bin
A place that serves as a spatial bin in an aggregation grid — a generated region used to partition space for statistical summarisation. Its geometry defines the bin boundary; its aggregation result is a SpatialAggregation.
Thread
A conversation: a set of messages related by reply/reference chains.
Verification Activity
An activity that checks a signature, attestation, artifact, or ledger inclusion proof — performed by a verifier agent or software. The outcome is a gmeow:VerificationResult, not a global truth assertion.
Web Page
A page on the web identified by a URL.
artifact media type
The media type of the attestation artifact's serialization (e.g. application/vnd.in-toto+json, application/vc+ld+json).
asserted at
The instant an agent observed or asserted the annotated claim (e.g. an email Date header or a vCard REV) — a witness that the fact held at that instant. Distinct from validity (validFrom/validUntil) and from a source's carrier time.
assertion facet
The accessibility facet being asserted. Functional per relator: one facet per AccessibilityAssertion.
assertion polarity
Whether the assertion is a positive feature, a negative barrier, or a limited/partial status. Functional per relator: one polarity per AccessibilityAssertion.
assertion subject
The location or connection being assessed. Functional per relator: one subject per AccessibilityAssertion.
assessed entity
The entity whose data quality is being assessed — the feature of interest of the quality observation. Sub-property of gmeow:observedFeature so generic consumers can query 'all observations about Alice' without knowing whether the claim is a name, a coordinate, or a quality assessment.
attested subject
The entity that an attestation is about — the thing being vouched for. Non-functional: an attestation may concern multiple subjects (e.g. a key↔identity binding certifies both a key and an identity), and competing subject claims coexist (Principle 9).
attester
The agent that issued an attestation — the vouching party. Functional within the relator: one attester per Attestation (co-authorship is modelled as multiple Attestations).
address locality axis
address region axis
allocentric X
The X axis of an allocentric (world-centred) cognitive map.
allocentric Y
The Y axis of an allocentric (world-centred) cognitive map.
angular velocity X axis
angular velocity Y axis
angular velocity Z axis
arousal
The activation-deactivation dimension of affect (Russell circumplex).
CIE a* red-green
BGP autonomous system axis
blue channel
CIE b* blue-yellow
conceptual similarity
The similarity or distance between concepts in a Gärdenfors-style conceptual space.
country code axis
cyan channel
DNS name axis
egocentric forward
The forward/backward axis of an egocentric cognitive map, relative to the agent's facing direction.
egocentric lateral
The left/right axis of an egocentric cognitive map, relative to the agent's facing direction.
extended address axis
flight level
The pressure-altitude axis expressed as ICAO flight level (standard atmosphere 1013.25 hPa). Independent of local QNH; used for en-route airspace bounds.
frequency
galactic latitude
galactic longitude
generalized coordinate
A generalized position coordinate qᵢ in a Lagrangian or Hamiltonian formulation.
generalized momentum
The conjugate momentum pᵢ = ∂L/∂q̇ᵢ corresponding to a generalized coordinate qᵢ.
geohash string
green channel
Hilbert state vector
A single axis representing the state vector in a Hilbert space. The actual infinite-dimensional structure is a solver-layer attribute (Principle 12).
IPv4 address axis
IPv6 address axis
imagined space X
The X axis of an imagined or dream space (memory palace, dream landscape).
imagined space Y
The Y axis of an imagined or dream space (memory palace, dream landscape).
imagined space Z
The Z axis of an imagined or dream space (memory palace, dream landscape).
key (black) channel
latent vector
A single axis representing a point in a learned latent vector space. The embedding dimension is a solver-layer attribute (Principle 12).
CIE L* lightness
linear velocity X axis
linear velocity Y axis
linear velocity Z axis
MAC address axis
MGRS grid reference
magenta channel
magnitude
mile marker / chainage
pitch axis
Plus Code cell
port number axis
post office box axis
postal code axis
predicted mean vote (PMV)
predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD)
red channel
roll axis
sequence position
The linear position axis along a biological sequence (DNA, RNA, protein), measured in base pairs or amino-acid residues from a sequence origin.
street address axis
CIE X tristimulus
CIE Y tristimulus
CIE Z tristimulus
UN/LOCODE code
URL axis
valence
The pleasure-displeasure dimension of affect (Russell circumplex).
what3words word triple
yaw axis
yellow channel
before
Allen BEFORE: this event ends strictly before the related event begins (a gap between them). Transitive. Inverse of gmeow:after. (= time:intervalBefore over the events' extents; TimeML TLINK relType BEFORE; TEO before.)
block hash
The hash of a ledger block.
block number
The sequential number of a ledger block.
certified identity
The agent identity a certification binds the key to.
certified key
The cryptographic key a certification vouches for.
certifier
The agent that made a certification.
chain id
The chain identifier of a blockchain network (e.g. CAIP-2 chainId, eip155:1).
conceivable (◊, possible)
◊_S — possible according to the standpoint: the proposition holds in some precisification the standpoint admits, but is not settled (CRMinf belief value 'possible').
constraint logic
The boolean operator combining a logical constraint's members — one of the gmeow:ConstraintLogic values (odrl:and / or / xone / andSequence). Functional.
constraint operator
The comparison operator of an atomic constraint — one of the gmeow:ConstraintOperator values (odrl:operator). Functional.
containment child
The contained (child) place in this containment tenure. Functional: a tenure concerns exactly one child place.
containment parent
The containing (parent) place in this containment tenure. Functional: a single tenure has exactly one parent place.
contains place
The inverse of gmeow:containedInPlace — a place that geographically contains another place. Under OWL 2 semantics, transitivity is entailed because containedInPlace is transitive. GMEOW does not assert additional transitive property chains beyond the inverse declaration; transitive closure is a solver concern (Principle 12).
contract address
The address at which a smart contract is deployed.
coordinate result
The GeoCoordinates result of a coordinate observation — a point expressed as latitude, longitude, and optional elevation. The reference frame in which the coordinates are expressed is carried on the observation via gmeow:hasReferenceFrame and propagates to the result via the existing isResultOf ∘ hasReferenceFrame chain.
copyright work
The work a copyright protects. Functional: one copyright relator is about one work.
probabilistic
during
Allen DURING: this event's extent falls strictly within the related event's extent (both endpoints interior). Transitive. Inverse of gmeow:contains. Distinct from gmeow:subEventOf (mereological part-of) and gmeow:containedInPlace (spatial). (= time:intervalDuring; TimeML IS_INCLUDED; TEO during.)
environment at location
The location whose ambient conditions this SensoryEnvironment describes. Functional: a SensoryEnvironment concerns exactly one location (constitutive of its identity).
event location
A location at which an event occurred — a geographic gmeow:Place, a gmeow:VirtualLocation, or any other gmeow:Location (the full superset). Non-functional: an event may span several locations, and competing standpoint-indexed locations coexist.
existence entity
The entity whose existence is recorded by this EntityExistence. Functional: an EntityExistence concerns exactly one entity (constitutive of the situation's identity).
expression value
The gmeow:GenderExpressionStyle value a gender-expression facet asserts (functional per facet). A predefined individual or a fresh one with rdfs:label; the single path to the value.
facet subject
The person an identity facet (gender identity, gender expression, sexual/romantic orientation) is about — the observedFeature of the claim. Domain is gmeow:Observation so it applies to any observation subclass; the shape narrows to IdentityFacet instances.
facet vantage
The agent asserting an identity facet — the vantage of the claim. When gmeow:selfAsserted is true, the facetVantage is the person themselves (Principle 9: self-assertion is top authority).
finishes
Allen FINISHES: this event and the related event end together, and this one began later (it is a final sub-span). NOT transitive. Inverse of gmeow:finishedBy. (= time:intervalFinishes; TimeML ENDS; TEO finishes.)
frame calendar system
The calendar system of a temporal frame, when one is used. Optional: some frames (e.g. Julian Date) carry only a scale.
configuration space
A smooth manifold representing the set of all possible configurations of a robot mechanism, with joint-limit boundaries constraining valid regions. Distance is measured along geodesics on the manifold surface, subject to joint limits. The actual manifold geometry and collision-aware path planning live in the solver layer (Principle 12).
geodetic
Hilbert space
An inner-product space that is complete with respect to the norm induced by the inner product; may be infinite-dimensional. The ontology models this with dimensionCount 1 and a single axis, leaving actual dimensionality to solver-layer matrix attributes (Principle 12).
latent vector space
A compressed, lower-dimensional representation space learned by a neural network or other statistical model. Similarity is measured by cosine or Euclidean metrics.
linear referencing / distance-along
A one-dimensional frame defined by distance along a linear feature (road, railway, pipeline). The coordinate is a scalar chainage or mile-marker; conversion to 2D/3D geographic coordinates requires the linear feature's geometry and is performed by the solver layer (Principle 12).
linear sequence
A one-dimensional coordinate system along a linear biological sequence (DNA, RNA, protein). Positions are integer offsets from a sequence origin; distance is measured in base pairs or amino-acid residues (edit-distance / sequence-alignment metric).
manifold
A topological space that locally resembles Euclidean space. Coordinate charts and tangent spaces are solver-layer constructs (Principle 12), not asserted as OWL axioms.
phase space
A space in which all possible states of a dynamical system are represented, with each state corresponding to one unique point. Typically 2n-dimensional for n degrees of freedom (generalized coordinates + conjugate momenta).
biological / genomic sequence
A biological sequence domain (DNA, RNA, protein) in which positions and features are expressed relative to a reference assembly or sequence.
currency
indoor
linguistic
perceptual
A perceptual or subjective domain in which values are expressed relative to a perceiver's sensory frame (e.g. thermal comfort, olfactory quality, subjective loudness).
frame reference position
The reference position of a temporal frame, when one is needed. Optional: TAI needs none; civil time needs a timezone.
frame time scale
The time scale of a temporal frame (functional: a frame has exactly one scale).
geometry result
The Geometry result of a coordinate observation — a point, line, or polygon expressed as WKT or GeoJSON. The reference frame is carried on the observation and propagates to the result via the existing property chain.
address level
city level
day level
decade level
month level
point / exact coordinate level
region level
year level
has ancestor
Relates a person to an ancestor — a parent, a parent's parent, and so on. Transitive: an ancestor of an ancestor is an ancestor. gmeow:hasParent (hence gmeow:hasMother / hasFather) is a sub-property, so ancestry is DERIVED from parentage by the reasoner and is never asserted directly.
has attestation
Relates an entity to an attestation about it — the inverse of gmeow:attestedSubject. Non-functional: an entity may have many co-existing attestations from different attesters (Principle 9).
has body part
Relates a message to a MIME part of its body. A MIME-structure specialization of the universal gmeow:hasPart spine.
has capacity
Links a location to a capacity measurement describing the maximum number of entities it can hold. Flat form for the common case; promote to full reified Capacity when vantage, confidence, temporal scope, or standpoint matter.
has license
Relates an entity (a work, dataset, software project, …) to a licence granting rights in it (dcterms:license; schema:license). Named gmeow:hasLicense — gmeow:license is reserved for the mapping-DSL set-license datatype property.
has spatial measurement
Links an entity to a spatial measurement describing its coordinates, geometry, pose, or spatial extent. Flat form for the common case; promote to full reified SpatialMeasurement when vantage, confidence, temporal scope, or standpoint matter.
has temporal measurement
Relates an entity (event, artifact, place, sample) to a temporal measurement assigned to it.
has verification status
The categorical outcome of a verification result. Non-functional: a single result may carry multiple status interpretations (e.g. 'verified but expired').
clerical
judicial
interval before
Allen BEFORE: this interval ends strictly before the related interval begins. Transitive. Inverse of gmeow:intervalAfter. (= time:intervalBefore)
interval during
Allen DURING: this interval's extent falls strictly within the related interval's extent. Transitive. Inverse of gmeow:intervalContains. (= time:intervalDuring)
interval finishes
Allen FINISHES: this interval and the related interval end together, and this one began later. NOT transitive. Inverse of gmeow:intervalFinishedBy. (= time:intervalFinishes)
interval met by
Allen MET-BY: inverse of gmeow:intervalMeets. (= time:intervalMetBy)
interval overlaps
Allen OVERLAPS: this interval begins before and ends during the related interval. NOT transitive. Inverse of gmeow:intervalOverlappedBy. (= time:intervalOverlaps)
interval starts
Allen STARTS: this interval and the related interval begin together, and this one ends first. NOT transitive. Inverse of gmeow:intervalStartedBy. (= time:intervalStarts)
is about
Aboutness — a resource is about another resource. Distinct from typing (rdf:type) and from tagging (gmeow:hasTag): aboutness is a semantic subject-matter relation, tagging is a user-applied label, and typing is an ontological classification. Non-functional.
is hosted by
Relates a reference frame to the entity that hosts it — the entity whose existence bounds the frame's existence. A local grid is hosted by its building; a robot base frame by its robot; a mental reference frame by its perceiver (person, animal, or AI agent). When the host ceases to exist, the hosted frame deactivates (destruction event or existenceInterval end). Non-functional: contested authorship or multi-agent shared frames may have multiple host claims that coexist (Principle 9).
is result of
Relates an entity (typically an observation result such as a quantity, coordinate set, or quality value) back to the Observation that produced it — the explicit provenance axis of the value×unit/frame×determinacy×provenance bundle (#77). Domain is gmeow:Entity (universal, matching the range of observationResult) so any result type can carry provenance. Non-functional: a result entity may be produced by multiple observations (e.g. a consensus value derived from several readings), and those claims coexist rather than collapse.
issued at
The instant an attestation was issued. Functional: the issue time is constitutive of the attestation's identity.
jurisdiction place
The place whose governance is recorded by this JurisdictionTenure. Functional: a tenure concerns exactly one place (constitutive of the situation's identity).
jurisdiction polity
The governing polity (state, administrative body, or organization) that held jurisdiction over the place during this tenure. Functional: a single tenure has exactly one governing polity.
left operand
The dimension an atomic constraint tests — one of the gmeow:LeftOperand values (odrl:leftOperand). Functional.
licensed work
The work a licence grants rights in. Functional.
licensor
The party granting a licence (odrl:assigner). A specialisation of gmeow:hasParty. Non-functional: a licence may be granted jointly.
log entry index
The sequential index of the entry within its transparency log.
log entry URL
A URL at which the transparency log entry can be retrieved. Non-functional: multiple mirrors may exist.
log index
The index of a ledger event within its containing block or transaction.
logic constraint member
A member constraint combined by a logical constraint (odrl:operand). Non-functional: a logical constraint combines two or more.
measured date
The absolute date instant yielded by a temporal measurement. Semantically plays the observationResult role for TemporalMeasurement, but is NOT asserted as rdfs:subPropertyOf gmeow:observationResult because gmeow:Instant (gufo:AbstractIndividual) is not a subclass of gmeow:Entity (gufo:Endurant), the range of gmeow:observationResult. Projection-layer alignment to time:hasTime lives in the mapping DSL.
Cenozoic start age
Holocene start age
Phanerozoic start age
Quaternary start age
membership authority
The agent or standpoint that asserts this version membership and its role — a project maintainer, a package registry, a publisher, a curator, or a self-asserting individual. NON-FUNCTIONAL: competing authority claims coexist without privilege (Principle 9). When the claim is promoted from a flat statement annotation, gmeow:accordingTo becomes the membershipAuthority of the relator.
met by
Allen MET-BY: this event begins exactly when the related event ends; inverse of gmeow:meets. (= time:intervalMetBy; TimeML IAFTER; TEO metBy.)
positional distance
Absolute difference between coordinates on a linear 1-D frame (base pairs, amino-acid residues, sequence indices). Interval length (|end - start| + 1 for inclusive ranges) is a distinct metric.
phase-space Euclidean
Standard Euclidean distance metric on a finite-dimensional Hamiltonian phase space, treating the concatenated (q,p) state vector as a point in ℝ²ⁿ.
narrower tag
A narrower, more specific tag. Inverse of gmeow:broaderTag. Optional.
observation method
The method or protocol used to produce the observation. Functional: one method per observation (compound protocols are modelled as a single fused method individual, e.g. 'GPS-RTK survey with ground control'). Distinct from gmeow:vantage: the method is *how* it was done, the vantage is *who* did it.
occupancy of
The location whose occupancy is measured. Functional: an occupancy measurement concerns exactly one location (constitutive of the measurement's identity).
overlaps
Allen OVERLAPS: this event begins before, and ends during, the related event (their extents partially overlap). NOT transitive. Inverse of gmeow:overlappedBy. (= time:intervalOverlaps; TEO overlaps.)
overlay authority
The authority (government body, international organization, regulatory agency, or indigenous council) that imposed this regulatory overlay. Functional: a single overlay has exactly one imposing authority.
overlay place
The place over which this regulatory overlay applies. Functional: an overlay concerns exactly one place (constitutive of the situation's identity). The place carries the geographic geometry; the overlay carries the regulation and temporal scope.
participant address
The normalized email address that appears in this participant occurrence.
participant role
The header or envelope role of this address occurrence.
participation event
The event a participation is part of (functional — one event per participation).
participation participant
The entity that took part in the event in this participation. Range is gmeow:Entity (not only Agent) to admit non-agent participants — a document signed, a place visited. Non-functional: a joint role may be borne by several participants.
perception environment
The SensoryEnvironment that a SensoryPerception is about — the observedFeature of the claim. Domain is gmeow:Observation so it applies to any observation subclass; the shape narrows to SensoryPerception instances.
Holocene Epoch
period part of
Relates a named period to a larger named period that contains it (e.g. Holocene ⊂ Quaternary ⊂ Cenozoic). Transitive.
geologic eon
geologic epoch
geologic era
geologic period
place supersedes
Links a newer place to a prior one it supersedes. Inverse of gmeow:placeSupersededBy. Non-functional: one successor may consolidate several predecessors.
city / populated place
country
premises / address point
region / state / province
rcc8 dc
RCC-8: Disconnected (DC) — regions are disjoint and do not share any point.
rcc8 ec
RCC-8: Externally Connected (EC) — regions share only boundary points.
rcc8 eq
RCC-8: Equal (EQ) — regions are identical.
rcc8 ntpp
RCC-8: Non-Tangential Proper Part (NTPP) — region is a proper part of another, entirely within its interior.
rcc8 po
RCC-8: Partial Overlap (PO) — regions overlap but neither is part of the other.
rcc8 tpp
RCC-8: Tangential Proper Part (TPP) — region is a proper part of another, sharing part of its boundary.
recorded no later than
A DERIVED upper bound (terminus ante quem) on when the annotated claim was committed to a record — typically taken from the modification time of its source carrier (gmeow:sourceModifiedAt) when no stronger observation time is known. Carries low gmeow:confidence; it is neither valid-time nor a point observation. Populate it in the importer/query layer, not by OWL inference.
relationship child
The child in a reified parent-child relationship.
relationship parent
The parent in a reified parent-child relationship.
relationship party
An agent who is one of the parties to an interpersonal relationship. Non-functional: a relationship typically binds two parties (and is left open for group ties).
romantic orientation value
The gmeow:RomanticOrientationValue a romantic-orientation facet asserts (functional per facet). A predefined individual or a fresh one with rdfs:label; the single path to the value.
rule action
The regulated action of a rule — one of the open gmeow:RightsAction values (odrl:action). Functional: a rule regulates exactly one action; several actions are several rules.
series occurrence
Relates an event series to one of the concrete event occurrences it issues.
sexual orientation value
The gmeow:SexualOrientationValue a sexual-orientation facet asserts (functional per facet). A predefined individual or a fresh one with rdfs:label; the single path to the value.
signature of
The entity, attestation, or artifact that a cryptographic signature is over — the inverse of gmeow:hasSignature.
SPDX license id
The SPDX License List short identifier of a licence — the canonical machine-readable licence id (e.g. "MIT", "Apache-2.0", "CC-BY-4.0", "GPL-3.0-only"). The bridge to the SPDX / SBOM world (spdx:licenseId); the SPDX List also assigns each id a stable IRI under http://spdx.org/licenses/. Functional: a licence has one canonical SPDX id (a compound choice is an SPDX licence expression in the same literal).
The StandpointClaim observation that a StandpointTenure generates — the reified observation of the tenure's time-scoped fact. The tenure is the time-scoped situation; the claim is the observation of that fact. Functional: a tenure generates exactly one claim.
starts
Allen STARTS: this event and the related event begin together, and this one ends first (it is an initial sub-span). NOT transitive. Inverse of gmeow:startedBy. (= time:intervalStarts; TimeML BEGINS; TEO starts.)
statement about
The asset a rights statement governs — the ODRL target. Usually the inverse of gmeow:hasRightsStatement; asserted on the relator so the statement is self-contained.
sub-event of
Relates an event to a larger event it is part of — a talk within a session within a conference. Transitive: a part of a part is a part (CIDOC-CRM P9 consists of). A specialization of the universal gmeow:partOf spine. Non-simple, so kept out of all cardinality axioms.
sub-organization of
Relates an organization to a larger organization it is part of — a department or division within a company, a team within a department. Transitive (a team is part of the company through its division). A specialization of the universal gmeow:partOf spine. A department is thus a first-class gmeow:Organization, and a gmeow:Membership may target it directly. The 'department' field is the sub-organization a person's membership is in.
superseded by
Links an entity to the entity that replaced it — Constantinople supersededBy Istanbul, the Soviet Union supersededBy the Russian Federation, a deprecated software release supersededBy its successor. Directional, NOT symmetric. The superseded entity is retained (never deleted) and may carry gmeow:displayable false.
tagging tag
The tag applied in a tagging act. Functional per relator: one tag per Tagging.
tagging tagged
The entity that is tagged in a tagging act. Functional per relator: one tagged entity per Tagging.
tagging tagger
The agent who performed the tagging act. Non-functional: a tag may be co-asserted by multiple agents (e.g. a collaborative curation effort).
tenure party
The party (person, corporation, indigenous community, or other agent) that holds the rights recorded by this LandTenure. Functional: a single tenure has exactly one party. Joint ownership is modelled as multiple co-equal LandTenure instances, none privileged (Principle 9).
tenure place
The place (parcel, lot, or spatial unit) over which the rights of this LandTenure apply. Functional: a tenure concerns exactly one place (constitutive of the situation's identity).
tenure standpoint
The standpoint whose position a standpoint-tenure records. When a StandpointTenure generates a StandpointClaim observation, the tenureStandpoint becomes the vantage of the claim.
International Atomic Time (TAI)
Atomic time scale based on SI seconds.
Terrestrial Time (TT)
Dynamical time scale for Earth-surface geocentric coordinate time.
trademark mark
The mark a trademark protects. Functional.
transaction hash
The hash of a ledger transaction.
trustee
The agent that is trusted by the trustor in a trust-assertion.
trustor
The agent whose (subjective) trust a trust-assertion expresses — the perspective holder.
usage appellation
The appellation used to call the named entity in a name-usage.
utilization of
The location whose utilization is measured. Functional: a utilization measurement concerns exactly one location (constitutive of the measurement's identity).
valid from
The instant from which the annotated statement is asserted to hold.
valid until
The instant until which the annotated statement is asserted to hold.
version member
The concrete entity that participates in a version set via this membership — a software release, a book edition, an email variant, a dataset snapshot. Functional per relator: one member per VersionMembership.
version set
The version set / lineage to which this membership belongs. Functional per relator: one set per VersionMembership.
ExtrinsicMode
A gufo:ExtrinsicAspect that inheres in a concrete individual and depends on others for its existence. A gufo:ExtrinsicMode can be understood as a reified one-sided relationship, such as John's admiration for Mary. Corresponds to "Extrinsic Moment" in Fonseca et al (2019). Encompasses what "Externally Dependent Mode", "Qua Individual" and "Relator" in Guizzardi (2005).
Individual
An entity that (unlike a gufo:Type) cannot be instantiated. Individuals may be either concrete (e.g., the Earth, Mick Jagger, Brazil, the 1985 Mexico City Earthquake) or abstract (e.g., the number two, the proposition that 'three is a prime number'). Also known as "particular" in the philosophical literature.
MaterialRelationshipType
A gufo:RelationshipType derived from extrinsic aspects of the related entities. For example, "marriedWith", "employedBy", "enrolledIn", "admires". For a gufo:MaterialRelationshipType it is recommended to identify the type of extrinsic aspect from which the material relationship type is derived (see gufo:isDerivedFrom). For example "marriedWith" can be derived from the "Marriage" relator type, "employedBy" can be derived from the "Employment" relator type. Encompasses "Material Relation" in Guizzardi (2005) and corresponds to "Material Relation" in Fonseca et al. (2019).
Quality
A gufo:IntrinsicAspect that is measurable by some value spaces. A quality may be used to compare individuals, on the basis of the value it takes in a certain quality space (for instance, a position within the RGB spectrum). Examples include the weight of a person, the name of organization, the color of a car, and the duration of a concert.
RoleMixin
A gufo:EndurantType that is both non-sortal and anti-rigid. It is defined by relational instantiation conditions. Role mixins are relationally dependent types, capturing relational properties shared by instances of different kinds. For example, "Customer" may be considered a gufo:RoleMixin as a superclass of the roles "CorporateCustomer" (specializing the gufo:Kind "BusinessOrganization") and "PersonalCustomer" (specializing the gufo:Kind "Person").
VariableCollection
A gufo:Collection for which change in membership is possible. Such a collection obeys an intensional principle of identity, i.e., change in membership does not necessarily create a different collection. For example, KLM's fleet of airplanes could be understood as a gufo:VariableCollection. In this case, when the company acquires (or retires) an airplane, the fleet changes. Note that, in this case, the airplanes are conceptualized as playing the role of "member of a fleet". If various roles for the parts of a fleet were envisioned (such as "cargo airplane", "passenger airplane"), then a fleet would be best understood as a gufo:FunctionalComplex. See gufo:TemporaryParthoodSituation for the pattern to represent the relation of a variable collection to its temporary parts.
externallyDependsOn
Identifies a gufo:Endurant on which the gufo:ExtrinsicMode depends. For example, John's duty to return the book he borrowed from Mary (a gufo:ExtrinsicMode) depends externally on Mary. The identifed gufo:Endurant should be external to the bearer of the extrinsic mode (see Guizzardi, 2005, p. 239). In other words, the identified endurant should not be a part or an intrisic aspect of the bearer of the extrinsic mode.
hasBeginPoint
Identifies the begin point for a gufo:ConcreteIndividual, in the case in which time instants are reified. In the case of endurants, this identifies the time point when the endurant comes into existence. In the case of events, this identifies the time point when the event starts to take place. In the case of situation, this identifies the time point when the situation begins to hold. If time instants are not reified, use gufo:hasBeginPointInXSDDate or gufo:hasBeginPointInXSDDateTimeStamp.
hasBeginPointInXSDDate
Determines the begin point for a gufo:ConcreteIndividual, using a xsd:date literal. In the case of endurants, gufo:asBeginPointInXSDDate determines the time point when the endurant comes into existence. In the case of events, this data property determines the time point when the event starts to take place. In the case of situation, it determines the time point when the situation begins to hold. Use gufo:hasBeginPoint instead when temporal entities are reified.
hasBeginPointInXSDDateTimeStamp
Determines the begin point for a gufo:ConcreteIndividual, using a xsd:dateTimeStamp literal. In the case of endurants, gufo:hasBeginPointInXSDDateTimeStamp determines the time point when the endurant comes into existence. In the case of events, this data property determines the time point when the event starts to take place. In the case of situation, it determines the time point when the situation begins to hold. Use gufo:hasBeginPoint instead when temporal entities are reified.
hasEndPoint
Identifies the end point for a gufo:ConcreteIndividual, in the case in which time instants are reified. In the case of endurants, this identifies the time point when the endurant ceases to exist. In the case of events, this identifies the time point when the event ends. In the case of situation, this identifies the time point when the situation ceases to hold.
hasEndPointInXSDDate
Determines the end point for a gufo:ConcreteIndividual using a xsd:date literal. In the case of endurants, gufo:hasEndPointInXSDDate determines the time point when the endurant ceases to exist. In the case of events, this data property determines the time point when the event ends. In the case of situation, it determines the time point when the situation ceases to hold. Use gufo:hasEndPoint instead when temporal entities are reified.
hasEndPointInXSDDateTimeStamp
Determines the end point for a gufo:ConcreteIndividual using a xsd:dateTimeStamp literal. In the case of endurants, gufo:hasEndPointInXSDDateTimeStamp determines the time point when the endurant ceases to exist. In the case of events, this data property determines the time point when the event ends. In the case of situation, it determines the time point when the situation ceases to hold. Use gufo:hasEndPoint instead when temporal entities are reified.
hasReifiedQualityValue
Identifies an instance of gufo:QualityValue to reflect the perception or conception of a quality in a certain value space. Use this property only for quality values that are to be reified in the A-box and associated with a gufo:ConcreteIndividual. Otherwise, use the gufo:hasQualityValue data property and a literal to determine the quality value. The full representation pattern for quality values involves first identifying a gufo:Quality that inheres in a concrete individual and then associating it with a reified quality value. For example, let us consider the color of Yves Klein's "Blue Monochrome" painting made in 1961 (MoMA's object with number 618.1967). In the full pattern, an instance of gufo:Quality that inheres in the physical object (the color of that painting) is associated with a gufo:QualityValue (say the triplet <0, 47, 167> for that painting) through gufo:hasReifiedQualityValue. The full pattern is recommended when different quality spaces are expected to be used for the same quality. For example, the color of that painting could also be associated with a quadruple <100, 72, 0, 35> representing the same color in a CMYK space. When the full pattern is not required, gufo:hasReifiedQualityValue can also be used to directly associate a concrete individual (without identifying the quality) with a quality value.
isDerivedFrom
Identifies a gufo:EndurantType from which the material or comparative relation can be derived. The identified gufo:EndurantType should be a subclass of gufo:Aspect, more specifically a subclass of gufo:ExtrinsicAspect in the case of a gufo:MaterialRelationshipType, and a subclass of gufo:IntrinsicAspect in the case of a gufo:ComparativeRelationshipType. For example, "marriedWith" can be derived from "Marriage", "heavierThan" can be derived from "Weight". See Fonseca et al. (2019).
mediates
Identifies the endurants mediated by a gufo:Relator. For example, John and Mary's marriage mediates John and Mary.
standsInQualifiedConstitution
Identifies a gufo:TemporaryConstitutionSituation in which an endurant stands temporarily (as a constituent). The identified gufo:TemporaryConstitutionSituation is further related with an endurant (the whole) through the gufo:concernsConstitutedEndurant object property. This forms a pattern to represent temporary constitution, in which the relationships between constituents and constituted endurant vary in different situations. Consider, for example, a group of people (understood as a gufo:FixedCollection) constituting a band (understood as a gufo:FunctionalComplex). In this case, any change in the membership of the group (e.g., the replacement of one person) creates a different group of people. Therefore, the band's constitution can change in time, and the pattern using gufo:TemporaryConstitutionSituation is applicable.
Instant
An gufo:AbstractIndividual that reifies time instants. It is used as a target of the gufo:hasBeginPoint and gufo:hasEndPoint object properties.
Address Tenure
The reified, time-scoped fact that an agent held a contact point (e.g. an email address) over a particular interval.
Attachment
A non-inline body part presented as an attached file. An attachment may also be a gmeow:Document or gmeow:MediaObject (the two are not disjoint), and its text extraction or summary is a derived object linked by gmeow:wasDerivedFrom.
Attestation Artifact
A concrete carrier of an attestation — in-toto JSON, SLSA provenance, W3C Verifiable Credential, DSSE envelope, C2PA manifest, EAT token, signed RDF graph, SCITT signed statement, nanopublication, signed git tag, release manifest, or signed blockchain payload. The artifact is the serialization; the Attestation is the logical vouching act that the artifact carries.
Block
A block of transactions on a distributed ledger or blockchain.
Capacity
A measurement of the maximum number of entities a location can hold. The location is the observedFeature; the result is a ScalarQuantity. The entity kind being counted is implicit from the location's placeType and the ScalarQuantity's hasUnit (P11). A contested capacity (e.g., fire code vs. venue claim) is modelled as multiple co-existing Capacity measurements, each standpoint-indexed and confidence-weighted, never collapsing to a single winner (P9). A superseded capacity (e.g., after renovation) is suppressed via displayable false, never deleted (P10).
Celestial Location
An astronomical location — a position on the celestial sphere, a solar-system body, a spacecraft, or a deep-sky object. The specific kind is given by gmeow:celestialObjectType (a value), not a subclass, so any astronomical object from star to galaxy cluster can be a first-class entity with its own coordinates and external identifiers (SIMBAD, NED, VizieR).
Connection
A reified traversable link between two entities, able to bear its own period, cost, weight, bandwidth, confidence, and standpoint. The flat shortcut is gmeow:connectsTo; promote to Connection when metadata matters.
Containment Tenure
The reified, time-scoped fact that a place was contained in a larger place over an interval — for boundary changes, re-organisations, and disputed parallel parents. Reifies containedInPlace over time; the plain transitive property remains the flat shortcut.
Duration
A length of time as a quantity, independent of when it occurs — the running time of an event, a gap, a recurrence period. Carries an xsd:duration via gmeow:durationValue. (= time:Duration / time:TemporalDuration, schema:Duration, ISO-TimeML TIMEX3 type=DURATION, TEO Duration.)
Kin Relationship
A reified kinship relationship between persons, modelled as an observation (a claim-from-a-vantage) in the universal stack (#69). Able to bear its own events, dates, sources, and standpoint-indexed claims. A disputed kinship is several coexisting gmeow:accordingTo-annotated relators, none privileged (Principle 9). The relationshipParent and relationshipChild are co-observed features of the observation.
Mailbox Residence
The reified, time-scoped fact that a message resided in a mailbox/label over an interval (membership is time-varying — messages move between folders and labels).
Occupancy
A measurement of the current number of entities located at or within a location. The location is the observedFeature; the result is a ScalarQuantity. Typically computed by the solver layer from locatedAt relationships and active LocationState instances (P12), but may also be asserted directly from sensor readings or manual counts.
Physical Object
An entity that is a material thing occupying space and time — a device, instrument, vehicle, building, or natural body. Distinct from Agent (which acts and bears responsibility) and InformationObject (which carries information content). The sortal for pose-bearing, sensor-hosting, and spatially-located things that are not agents.
Prohibition
A rule that forbids the exercise of a gmeow:RightsAction over the governed asset (odrl:Prohibition).
Proximity Measurement
A measurement of distance, dissimilarity, or proximity between two entities, expressed as a scalar quantity in a reference frame that declares its metric kind. The observedFeature is the entity measured from; gmeow:proximityTo names the target entity; gmeow:observationResult points to the scalar value. Computed by the solver (Principle 12), not asserted in the OWL core.
Quality Assessment
A reified assessment of the quality of an entity or dataset, expressed as an observation about one or more quality dimensions. The result is typically a scalar quantity (accuracy in metres, completeness as a percentage, etc.) or a categorical conformance statement, carrying unit, reference frame, determinacy, and provenance in the same bundle as every other GMEOW measurement (Principle 11).
Recurrence Rule
A rule by which a gmeow:EventSeries repeats — weekly, every-first-Monday, annually. Carries an RFC 5545 RRULE string via gmeow:recurrenceRuleText. (= ISO-TimeML TIMEX3 type=SET with freq/quant, iCalendar RRULE, schema:Schedule, TEO periodic time interval.)
Sensory Perception
A standpoint-indexed perceived value about a SensoryEnvironment — a subjective claim made by a perceiver (vantage) about ambient conditions (observedFeature), yielding a result in a MentalReferenceFrame. A SensoryPerception is a StandpointClaim specialised to the sensory domain: the vantage is the perceiver, the observedFeature is the SensoryEnvironment, and the observationResult is the perceived value (a ScalarQuantity, categorical individual, or structured percept descriptor). Competing perceptions coexist without collapse (Principle 9); superseded perceptions are suppressed, never deleted (Principle 10).
Tag Scheme
A namespaced set of tags — a project vocabulary, a personal tag bucket, or a controlled vocabulary. Multi-tenant: many schemes coexist, and a tag may belong to zero or more schemes (gmeow:tagInScheme). The counterpart of skos:ConceptScheme and schema:DefinedTermSet.
Utilization
A measurement of the ratio of current occupancy to maximum capacity at a location, typically expressed as a ratio (0–1) or percentage. The location is the observedFeature; the result is a ScalarQuantity. Computed by the solver layer (P12) from capacity and occupancy measurements, not asserted directly in the canonical core.
Version Set
A first-class information object representing a version family or release lineage — the set of all concrete artifacts that are versions of a common stable entity. A VersionSet is an InformationObject (a kind of Entity) so it can carry identifiers, provenance, and authority links. Examples: the lineage of a software project, the edition chain of a book, the variant family of an email thread, the DOI concept record.
altitude
The vertical axis above a reference datum — mean sea level, ground level, or another vertical reference surface. Used for aviation and terrestrial elevation bounds.
depth
The vertical axis below a reference datum — mean sea level, chart datum, or another vertical reference surface. Used for maritime depth bounds and bathymetry.
joint angle 1
joint angle 2
joint angle 3
joint angle 4
joint angle 5
joint angle 6
virtual address axis
copyright holder
The agent that holds a copyright (schema:copyrightHolder; dcterms:rightsHolder). A specialisation of gmeow:wasAttributedTo — the canonical rights-holder attribution. Non-functional: joint copyright has several co-equal holders.
determinacy model
Relates a reference frame to its default determinacy model.
vague
dimension count
The number of dimensions spanned by a reference frame.
frame kind
Relates a reference frame to its structural frame kind.
frame realm
Relates a reference frame to the realm it describes.
frame solver
Identifies the external solver or transformation method to resolve coordinates in this frame.
gender value
The gmeow:Gender value a gender-identity facet asserts (functional PER FACET — one value each; multiplicity is expressed by multiple facets). The value is a gmeow:Gender individual: a predefined one, or — when none fits — a fresh individual carrying rdfs:label (the custom-PronounSet idiom). The single path to the gender value; there is deliberately no flat datatype shortcut.
woman
has axis
Relates a reference frame to one of its coordinate axes.
has descendant
Relates a person to a descendant — a child, a child's child, and so on; the transitive inverse of gmeow:hasAncestor. Derived by the reasoner (gmeow:hasChild is a sub-property), never asserted directly.
has metric kind
The distance or dissimilarity metric declared by this reference frame. Functional: a frame uses exactly one metric kind for all proximity computations expressed in it. The actual computation is performed by the solver (Principle 12), never materialised as asserted triples in the OWL core.
has party
Relates an agreement to an agent that is bound by it.
academic
suffix
knows language
Relates an agent to a language it knows. Non-functional. The leveled, per-skill detail is carried by the reified gmeow:LanguageProficiency.
located at
Relates an entity to a location it is situated at, resides in, or occurs at — geographic, virtual, or storage.
member of
Relates an agent to an organization it belongs to.
cosine similarity
Angular proximity in a latent vector space (1 − cosine distance).
participant message
The message a participant occurrence belongs to.
Cenozoic Era
Phanerozoic Eon
Quaternary Period
rcc8 ntppi
RCC-8: Non-Tangential Proper Part Inverse (NTPPi) — inverse of NTPP.
rcc8 tppi
RCC-8: Tangential Proper Part Inverse (TPPi) — inverse of TPP.
barycentric (solar system)
geocentric
Robot Base Cartesian Reference Frame
Robot SLAM Occupancy Grid Reference Frame
requires host
Asserts whether a reference frame requires a hosting entity to exist.
spatial measurement of
The entity whose spatial property is being measured — the observedFeature of a spatial measurement. Subproperty of gmeow:observedFeature so generic consumers can query all observations without knowing the domain.
stream of
The entity whose observations the stream contains — the moving feature, device, or thing being tracked. Functional: a stream belongs to exactly one entity.
supersedes
Relates a newer entity, version, record, or claim-bearing artifact to a prior one it supersedes. Non-functional: one successor may consolidate several predecessors. Superseded entities remain first-class and usable; suppression from display is handled separately with gmeow:displayable false when appropriate.
transforms to
Relates a reference frame to another frame it can be mathematically transformed to.
usage named
The entity that is called by the appellation in a name-usage.
was attributed to
Ascribes responsibility for an entity to an agent.
ExtrinsicAspect
A gufo:Aspect that depends on one or more concrete individuals. Extrinsic (or "relational") aspects are reified relationships, e.g., John and Mary's marriage, Mary's employment contract at Nasa, or parts of those relationships, e.g., John's obligations towards Mary in the scope of the marriage, Mary's reciprocal claims, Mary's obligations towards John, John's reciprocal claims. Extrinsic aspects can also be reified one-sided relationships, e.g., John's admiration for Obama (which depends on Obama but does not characterize him). Corresponds to "Extrinsic Moment" in Fonseca et al (2019). Encompasses "Externally Depedent Mode", "Qua Individual" and "Relator" in Guizzardi (2005).
A complex gufo:Object that is a maximally-connected portion of stuff. A gufo:Quantity has a fixed constitution, and thus, removing or adding a sub-quantity would result in a different quantity. Examples include the portion of wine in a wine tank, a lump of clay, the gold that constitutes a wedding ring. Also termed "quantity of matter", "objectified portion of matter", "piece" in the philosophical literature.
SemiRigidType
A gufo:NonRigidType that applies necessarily to some of its instances and contingently to some others (see Guizzardi, 2005, chapter 4).
concernsQualityValue
Determines a quality value associated with the gufo:ConcreteIndividual that stands in the gufo:QualityValueAttributionSituation. Use gufo:concernsReifiedQualityValue instead when quality values are refied. It is recommended that subproperties of gufo:concernsQualityValue are created, possibly identifying the datatype to be used. For example, "concernsTemperatureValue" could be defined as a sub-property of gufo:concernsQualityValue with range xsd:double.
concernsReifiedQualityValue
Identifies the gufo:QualityValue (i.e., the reified quality value) associated with the endurant that stands in the gufo:QualityValueAttributionSituation.
participatedIn
Identifies a gufo:Event in which the gufo:Object participated. Examples include the participation of Freddy Mercury in Queen's Live Aid Concert and the participation of an airplane in a flight.
Accessibility Assertion
A reified claim that a location or connection has a positive accessibility feature, a barrier, or a limited status for a given facet. Bears provenance (vantage, confidence, temporal scope) and suppression (displayable false — Principle 10). The flat shortcuts are gmeow:hasAccessibilityFeature and gmeow:hasBarrier; promote to AccessibilityAssertion when the claim itself must be a node.
Body Part
A MIME part of a message's body, with a media type and content.
Duty
A rule that obliges the discharge of a gmeow:RightsAction (e.g. attribute, share-alike, obtain-consent) as a condition of a permission (odrl:Duty / odrl:obligation; CC REL cc:requires).
Entity Existence
The reified, time-scoped fact that an entity existed over an interval — a gufo:Situation that carries its period via gmeow:duringInterval (inherited from TimeScopedRelation). Use when the existence claim is contested (two sources disagree on when a place ceased to exist), when evidence must be attached, or when standpoint indexing is needed. Flat-first: the common case uses gmeow:hasCreationEvent / gmeow:hasDestructionEvent / gmeow:existenceInterval directly on the entity.
Event Series
A recurrence or schedule that issues a series of concrete gmeow:Event occurrences — a weekly standup, an annual conference. Distinct from any one occurrence; the recurrence rule is a projection concern (iCalendar RRULE), not a core property.
Gender Expression
A person's SELF-ASSERTED gender expression — how they present (a gmeow:GenderExpressionStyle value via gmeow:expressionValue). A distinct axis from gender identity: expression is never inferred from identity (or vice versa), nor from sex or address.
Gender Identity
A person's SELF-ASSERTED gender identity — what they are — as a reified facet pointing (via gmeow:genderValue) to an open gmeow:Gender value. Independent of pronouns/honorifics (address), of gender expression, and of sex-assigned-at-birth; nothing infers any of these from another. Multiple co-equal GenderIdentity facets express bigender/genderfluid/transition without privileging any.
Honorific Position
Jurisdiction Tenure
The reified, time-scoped fact that a place was governed by a particular polity over an interval — a sovereignty or administrative jurisdiction claim. Non-functional on the place: contested sovereignty (e.g. Crimea-class) is modelled as multiple co-existing JurisdictionTenures, each standpoint-indexed and confidence-weighted, never collapsing to a single winner (Principle 9).
Logical Constraint
A boolean combination of constraints under a gmeow:constraintLogic operator (odrl:and / odrl:or / odrl:xone / odrl:andSequence) over its gmeow:logicConstraintMember constraints — the ODRL LogicalConstraint, modelling the deontic constraint logic.
Mark
A brand / sign / name / logo that can be trademarked — the thing a gmeow:Trademark protects (schema:Brand). An information object: it may itself bear a gmeow:RightsStatement (logos are also copyright works).
Membership
The reified relationship by which an agent is a member of an organization, optionally playing a role over a period of time.
Narrative Frame Link
A reified relator that binds a source narrative frame, a target narrative frame, and the relation type between them into a single node. The canonical form when the specific frame-to-frame relation must itself be a node (e.g. to attach provenance, confidence, temporal scope, or standpoint); the flat shortcuts are gmeow:hasNarrativeFrameRelation and gmeow:relatesToFrame. Structurally the Tagging/NameUsage idiom wearing a different hat.
Permission
A rule that grants the ability to exercise a gmeow:RightsAction over the governed asset (odrl:Permission). Its required duties ride gmeow:hasDuty.
Romantic Orientation
A person's SELF-ASSERTED romantic orientation — the pattern of their romantic attraction — as a reified facet pointing (via gmeow:romanticOrientationValue) to an open gmeow:RomanticOrientationValue. A SEPARATE axis from sexual orientation (split-attraction model); the two are mutually independent (e.g. asexual yet biromantic).
Sequence Feature
A feature or annotation on a biological sequence — a range with start, end, strand, and type, expressed in a reference assembly frame. The first-class entity that carries the coordinates and type; linked to a BiologicalSequenceLocation via gmeow:hasSequenceFeature.
Sexual Orientation
A person's SELF-ASSERTED sexual orientation — the pattern of their sexual attraction — as a reified facet pointing (via gmeow:sexualOrientationValue) to an open gmeow:SexualOrientationValue. A SEPARATE axis from romantic orientation (split-attraction model) and from gender identity/expression; nothing infers one from another.
Spatial Aggregation
A measurement that aggregates entities located within a spatial region, yielding a scalar result such as a count, density, or average. The aggregation region is the observedFeature; the result is a ScalarQuantity. The actual computation is performed by the solver layer (Principle 12), not materialised as asserted triples in the OWL core.
Spatial Coordinates
A set of coordinate values representing a position in a specific coordinate reference frame.
Spatial Measurement
A measurement that assigns a spatial property — coordinates, geometry, pose, or spatial extent — to a feature of interest. The parent of CoordinateObservation and other spatial measurement specialisations. Realises the spatial side of Principle 3 (Observation ≡ Measurement ≡ Standpoint).
Standpoint Tenure
The reified, time-scoped fact that a standpoint held a particular position over an interval — recognition granted in 2008 and withdrawn in 2030 is an opened-then-closed tenure, never a deletion (Principle 10). Use only when the adoption / withdrawal of the position is itself worth modelling; the common case is a bare gmeow:accordingTo annotation. Carries its standpoint-time interval via gmeow:duringInterval (temporal module). A StandpointTenure generates a gmeow:standpointClaim observation. The tenure is the time-scoped fact; the claim is the observation of that fact. The tenureStandpoint maps to the claim's vantage; the tenurePosition maps to the claim's observedFeature.
Transparency Log Entry
An append-only registry evidence record such as a Rekor entry, SCITT receipt, certificate-transparency log entry, or timestamp/notary log entry. Proves inclusion at a point in time, not correctness (Principle 1).
Verification Result
An information object recording the outcome of a verification activity — verified, failed, unverified, expired, revoked, policy-failed, finality-pending, etc. A verification result is an observation output, not an axiom of correctness (Principle 12).
Gregorian calendar
The Gregorian calendar, introduced 1582.
contained in place
Relates a place to a larger place that geographically contains it; transitive. Chains the nested granularity (room ⊂ building ⊂ city ⊂ region ⊂ country), each level a first-class place. Non-functional: contested sovereignty claims (e.g. Crimea-class) coexist as standpoint-indexed statements (gmeow:accordingTo), never collapsing to a single winner (Principle 9).
event time
The instant at which a point-like event occurred (xsd:dateTime — DL-clean, never xsd:date). Replaces the former free-text gmeow:eventDate. Non-functional: competing standpoint-indexed dates coexist as confidence-weighted statements.
grid
has coordinate observation
Links a place to a coordinate observation that assigned coordinates or geometry to it. Non-functional: multiple surveys (GPS, LiDAR, total station) may coexist for the same place (Principle 9), and no observation is privileged.
has parent
Relates a person to a parent (any kind: biological, adoptive, step, or foster). Non-functional: contested parentage claims from multiple sources coexist as standpoint-indexed statements (gmeow:accordingTo), never collapsing to a single winner (Principle 9).
parent frame
Relates a reference frame to its parent frame in a hierarchy.
Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB)
Dynamical time scale for solar-system barycentric calculations.
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
Civil atomic time scale with leap seconds.
trademark holder
The agent that holds a trademark (the proprietor). A specialisation of gmeow:wasAttributedTo. Non-functional: a mark may be jointly held.
FunctionalComplex
A complex gufo:Object whose parts (components) play different roles in its composition. For example, a person could be considered a gufo:FunctionalComplex with the various organs (heart, brain, lungs, etc.) playing different roles. Another example is a scrum team, which is composed by people playing the roles of scrum master, product owner, developer, etc. To explicitly capture temporary components, use gufo:TemporaryParthoodSituation.
IntrinsicAspect
A gufo:Aspect that depends on a single concrete individual in which it inheres. Examples include intrinsic physical aspects, such as the Moon's mass, Lassie's fur color; the fragility of John Lennon's glasses; mental dispositions, such as Bob's math skills, his belief that the number one is odd. A gufo:IntrinsicAspect is classified as a gufo:Quality (e.g., an apple's weight, the height of the Statue of Liberty) if it is measurable by a certain value space, or as a gufo:IntrinsicMode (e.g. Bob's belief that the Eiffel Tower is in Paris) otherwise. Corresponds to "Intrinsic Moment" in Guizzardi (2005). Different from Guizzardi (2005), here we consider that aspects can inhere in concrete individuals in general, and not only in endurants.
TemporaryConstitutionSituation
A gufo:Situation in which a gufo:Endurant temporarly constitutes another gufo:Endurant. When constitution of an object may change in time, it may be qualified by the period in time in which the relation applies. Examples include: the situation in which the Beatles is constituted by the group composed of {John,Paul,Ringo,George}; and the situation in which the statue of Venus de Milo was constituted by its original quantity of marble (including its arms). This is a reification of constitution (in a solution that is similar to the qualified relation pattern http://patterns.dataincubator.org/book/qualified-relation.html)
inheresIn
Identifies the gufo:ConcreteIndividual in which the gufo:Aspect inheres. Inherence is a sort of existential dependence. The identified concrete individual is the "bearer" of the aspect. For example, the color of an object inheres in the object and the average speed of a flight inheres in the flight.
isObjectProperPartOf
Identifies a gufo:Object of which the object is a part. This is a general parthood relation between objects. Use the various sub-properties provided in order to represent specific types of parthood, each of which has specialized semantics (and different formal properties in this implementation, in particular, transitivity (Guizzardi, 2005, section 5.6).
isProperPartOf
Identifies a whole of which the entity is a proper part. gufo:isProperPartOf is the most generic parthood relation in this implementation. Use the various sub-properties provided in order to represent specific types of parthood. Proper parthood (and each of its sub-properties) is asymmetric and irreflexive. Nevertheless, these characteristics are not declared in this implementation since that would violate rules of OWL 2 DL that guarantee decidability of reasoning. Instead, we have focused only on declaring transitivity where applicable. Note that gufo:isProperPartOf (as the most general notion of parthood) is transitive, although the various sub-properties may not be transitive.
standsInQualifiedParthood
Identifies a gufo:TemporaryParthoodSituation in which the endurant stands (as a temporary part). The identified gufo:TemporaryParthoodSituation is further related with an endurant (the whole) through the gufo:concernsTemporaryWhole object property. This forms a pattern to represent temporary parthood, in which the relationships between parts and wholes vary in different situations. In particular, this pattern is useful in case parts may be separated from their wholes, attached to other wholes, replaced.
Atomic Constraint
A single ODRL constraint comparison: a gmeow:leftOperand (the dimension tested), a gmeow:constraintOperator (the comparison), and a gmeow:rightOperand (the value). E.g. leftOperand dateTime, operator lteq, rightOperand 2030-01-01 — 'valid until 2030'.
Authentication Result
The outcome of an email authentication check (RFC 8601 Authentication-Results) — a method (DKIM, SPF, DMARC, ARC), a verdict, and the verifying server.
Celestial Coordinates
A point on the celestial sphere expressed as right ascension, declination, and an optional epoch — frame-relative per Principle 11. The reference frame (ICRS, FK5, Galactic, etc.) is declared via gmeow:coordinateFrame.
Certification
A reified attestation that a cryptographic key belongs to a given identity, made by a certifying agent (a PGP key-signature / Web-of-Trust certification). Its validity window is carried with gmeow:validFrom/validUntil; revocation sets validUntil.
Conflict Strategy
A policy conflict-resolution strategy — the ODRL conflict values perm / prohibit / invalid.
Coordinate Matrix
A multi-dimensional numeric value expressed as a coordinate matrix or vector — the generalisation of ScalarQuantity to vector, matrix, and tensor results. Carries a serialised matrix literal (matrixValue), shape descriptor (matrixShape), reference frame (hasReferenceFrame), unit (hasUnit), and determinacy (hasDeterminacy). Used for colourspace tuples [j,k,l]+intensity, audio spectra, thermal images, and air-quality compound readings. The actual matrix algebra (dot products, transforms, decompositions) lives in the solver layer (Principle 12).
Coordinate Observation
A spatial measurement that assigns geographic coordinates or geometry to a place. Reifies the act of coordinate assignment so that multiple surveys (GPS 2023, LiDAR 2024) coexist as standpoint-indexed observations (Principle 9), each carrying its own reference frame, confidence, and temporal scope. Neither observation is 'the' coordinates. Superseded surveys are suppressed via gmeow:displayable false, never deleted (Principle 10).
Message Header
A single RFC 5322 header field (name and value) of a message.
Network Address
A network-layer address or locator expressed as a coordinate in a network reference frame — an IP address, MAC address, DNS name, URL, port number, or BGP autonomous-system number. The flat shortcut for the common case is gmeow:accessUrl on a VirtualLocation; promote to NetworkAddress when frame, provenance, confidence, or standpoint matters.
A reified participation of an entity in an event, in a role, over a period, on some evidence — the same relator idiom as gmeow:NameUsage. Mint one Participation per (event, participant, role) tuple when role / period / confidence / evidence must be recorded; the 80% case uses the flat gmeow:hasParticipant. Perspectival and co-equal: a disputed role is several standpoint-indexed Participations that coexist, none privileged; a withdrawn one is kept with gmeow:displayable false, never deleted.
Software Project
A software project: a body of source code developed and released as a unit, with repositories, releases, and contributors.
Standpoint Claim
An observation made from a specific standpoint or frame — an assertion, denial, or qualified position that a proposition holds. Realises the standpoint side of Principle #3 (Observation ≡ Measurement ≡ Standpoint). The vantage is the standpoint; the observedFeature is the proposition or fact being claimed; the observationResult is the modality (unequivocal, probable, conceivable, refuted).
Strand Orientation
The strand direction of a feature on a double-stranded biological sequence (forward / Watson, reverse / Crick, or both). A value, not a subclass: the set is closed and they share the same structure.
Trajectory
A continuous path of motion representing the space-time history of a moving entity.
Version Scale
The magnitude scale of a version change — a VALUE, never an Entity subclass. Used for SemVer-style classification and analogous schemes in non-software domains.
Virtual Location
A non-geographic location reachable online — a video-conference room, chat space, metaverse room, website, or social media page. The specific kind is given by gmeow:virtualLocationType (a value), not a subclass. Has network addresses (gmeow:hasNetworkAddress) and an access URL (gmeow:accessUrl) rather than geographic coordinates.
Writing System Usage
A reified, role- and period-scoped use of a writing system by a language — the gufo:Relator binding {language} × {writing system} × {role} × {period}, mirroring names' gmeow:NameUsage. Lets Japanese co-mingle Han (logographic content), Hiragana (syllabic grammar), Katakana (loanwords) and Latin (transliteration) co-equally, and models script changes over time (Turkish Arabic→Latin, 1928) via the usage's validity. Mint one usage per (language, writing system, role) tuple.
International Commission on Stratigraphy
The International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), the global scientific authority for definition and nomenclature of geologic time units.
hour
minute
second
X axis
Y axis
Z axis
stratigraphic correlation
polar
temporal
celestial / astronomical
colourspace
mathematical / n-D
noble
observation result
The entity-valued result of an observation — a coordinate set, an instant, a quality value, a quantity, or another entity. For literal scalar readings (e.g. 22.5°C), the observationResult entity carries the literal via a datatype property (e.g. qudt:quantityValue or a module-specific scalar property). Non-functional: a single observation may yield several results in different frames or granularities, and competing result claims coexist rather than collapse.
AbstractIndividual
A gufo:Individual that does not exist in space-time in the same way as a gufo:ConcreteIndividual does. A gufo:AbstractIndividual has no spatiotemporal qualities in its own right. Hence, it does not make sense to ask how much space it now occupies (Gideon, 2018) and when it was created or destroyed. Examples include the number ten, the null set, and the proposition that 'Obama was the president of the United States'. Rosen, Gideon, "Abstract Objects", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2018/entries/abstract-objects/>
AntiRigidType
A gufo:NonRigidType that applies contingently to all its instances (see Guizzardi, 2005, chapter 4). Examples include the gufo:Phase "Child", the gufo:PhaseMixin "InfantAnimal", the gufo:Role "Student", and the gufo:RoleMixin "Customer".
NonRigidType
A gufo:EndurantType that does not apply necessarily to at least one of its instances (see Guizzardi, 2005, chapter 4). Examples include anti-rigid types, such as the role "Student" and the phase "Child", and semi-rigid types, such as the mixin "MusicalArtist" (which necessarily characterizes bands, but contingently characterizes people) and the mixin "FemaleAnimal" (which is necessarily characterizes female dogs, but contigently characterizes clownfish).
NonSortal
A gufo:EndurantType that applies to individuals of different kinds (see Guizzardi, 2005, chapter 4). Non-sortals do not provide a uniform principle of identity for their instances; instead, they just classify things that share common properties but which obey different principles of identity. Also termed "dispersive" types in the philosophical literature.
QualityValueAttributionSituation
A gufo:Situation in which a quality value is temporarily attributed to a gufo:Endurant. A gufo:QualityValueAttributionSituation should be used only for mutable qualities, i.e. those whose value can vary in time. Examples include: the situation in which the value of a bitcoin in Euros is 6.526,12, which lasted from 10/12/2019 to 11/12/2019; the situation in which the weight of Mike Tyson was 100 kg; and the situation in which the color of Einstein' hair was grey. This is a reification of the quality value attribution (in a solution that is similar to the qualified relation pattern http://patterns.dataincubator.org/book/qualified-relation.html )
RigidType
A gufo:EndurantType which applies necessarily to its instances (see Guizzardi, 2005, chapter 4). Examples include the types "Agent", "Person", "Animal", "PhysicalObject", "Car", and "Tree".
TemporaryInstantiationSituation
A gufo:Situation in which a gufo:Endurant temporarily instantiates a gufo:NonRigidType. A gufo:TemporaryInstantiationSituation can account for the time period in which a particular instantiation holds. Examples include: the situation in which Obama instantiates the role of president, which began in 20/01/2009 and lasted until 20/01/2017; the situation in which Coatria instantiates the role of EU Member, which began in 01/07/2013 (and is still on-going); and the situation in which Steve Jobs instantiates the child phase, which began in 24/02/1955 and lasted until 24/02/1965. This solution is inspired in the qualified relation pattern (http://patterns.dataincubator.org/book/qualified-relation.html).
standsIn
Identifies a gufo:Situation in which the entity stands. This implementation includes sub-properties of gufo:standsIn to identify situations concerning the attribution of (mutable) values to qualities, variable relationships, the instantiation of non-contingent types, temporary parthood and temporary constitution.
Accessibility Polarity
The polarity of an accessibility assertion — feature (positive), barrier (negative), or limited (partial).
Activity
Something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities — creating, transforming, using, or attributing them.
Agreement
A mutual understanding between two or more agents that creates obligations or rights, reified as a relator connecting its parties.
Cadastral Reference
A structured identifier for a land-administration record — a parcel number, folio identifier, title number, lot reference, or survey plan reference issued by a cadastral registry. Carries the reference value, its type, the issuing authority, and the jurisdiction under which it is valid. Temporal validity (re-survey, re-numbering) is carried with validFrom / validUntil on the reference itself.
Celestial Reference Origin
The origin of a celestial coordinate system (topocentric, geocentric, barycentric, heliocentric, etc.). A value vocabulary aligned to IVOA refposition.
Constraint
The abstract base of a condition on a rights rule (odrl:Constraint) — specialised by gmeow:AtomicConstraint (a leftOperand / operator / rightOperand comparison, e.g. dateTime ≤ 2030, spatial = EU, count ≤ 5) and gmeow:LogicalConstraint (a boolean combination of constraints). A licence's temporal bound is an AtomicConstraint over the dateTime operand.
Geo Coordinates
A geographic point expressed as latitude, longitude, and optional elevation.
Grammatical Aspect
The grammatical aspect of an event mention in text — a VALUE vocabulary for ISO-TimeML interoperability (perfective / progressive / perfective-progressive / none).
Grammatical Tense
The grammatical tense of an event mention in text — a VALUE vocabulary for ISO-TimeML interoperability (past / present / future / none). Describes the linguistic realization, not the occurrence.
Identity Facet
A reified, SELF-ASSERTED claim about an aspect of a person's identity — an observation in the universal claim stack (#69): gender identity, gender expression, or (in the sexuality module) sexual/romantic orientation — mediating the person (facetSubject / observedFeature) and an open identity value. A gufo:Relator and a gmeow:Observation, the same idiom as gmeow:NameUsage. A person bears MANY co-equal facets (e.g. bigender); none is privileged, there is no preferred/primary marker, and a superseded facet is kept with gmeow:displayable false rather than deleted. Self-assertion (gmeow:selfAsserted) is the top authority; the optional validity period is carried by gmeow:validFrom/validUntil on the facet.
Interpersonal Relationship
A reified standing relationship between agents (acquaintance, collaboration, …), able to bear its own time interval, confidence, and source evidence.
Key Scheme
The cryptographic scheme/format of a key (OpenPGP, X.509, SSH, Nostr, …). Modelled as a value, not a key subclass: the set of schemes is open-ended and they carry no distinct key structure here, so a new scheme is a new individual, not a new class.
Land Tenure
The reified, time-scoped fact that a party holds rights over a place — ownership, lease, easement, mortgage, usufruct, or another property right. Bridges the locations module to the rights module by referencing RightsStatement. Distinct from JurisdictionTenure (governance/sovereignty) and RegulatoryOverlay (regulation): LandTenure is about property rights. Contested titles coexist as multiple standpoint-indexed instances, never collapsing to a single winner (Principle 9).
Mailbox
A named container of messages within an account — a folder, JMAP mailbox, or Gmail label.
Name Part
A reified component of a structured appellation — a given name, a surname, a patronymic, a nobiliary particle, an Arabic nisba, a filename extension. Its kind is the value gmeow:namePartType, its text is gmeow:partText, and gmeow:partOrder records its position WITHOUT implying a Western given-before-family order.
Name Register
The social register of a name-usage (formal, intimate, professional, casual). A value vocabulary carried by gmeow:usageRegister on a gmeow:NameUsage.
Pose
A frame-relative position and orientation of an object — a 6-DOF pose. A pose consists of a position (spatial coordinates in a reference frame) and an orientation (quaternion, Euler angles, heading/bearing, or a homogeneous transform matrix). Aligns by reference to IEEE 1872-2015 pos:QuantitativePose and structurally to OGC GeoPose 1.0.
Sequence Coordinates
Frame-relative coordinates on a biological sequence: a start position, an end position, and a strand orientation, all expressed relative to an explicit reference assembly (Principle 11).
Signature Scheme
The cryptographic signature scheme used — a value vocabulary (individuals, never subclasses). Distinct from gmeow:KeyScheme: a key scheme names the key format (OpenPGP, X.509), while a signature scheme names the algorithm (RSA-SHA256, Ed25519).
Source
A source from which evidence is drawn: a record, certificate, register, archive entry, or publication.
Standpoint
A named perspective / frame within which claims are held true — a state's official position, a community's usage, an editorial or historiographic point of view. Minted only when the frame needs its own identity and labels; often a bare gmeow:Agent (a polity, an organization) suffices as the value of gmeow:accordingTo instead. Standpoints form a poset under gmeow:sharpens, topped by gmeow:universalStandpoint.
Storage Location
A locus where digital objects reside — a cloud-storage folder, an object-store bucket, a filesystem path, a content-addressed store, or a physical disk. Its medium is a value (gmeow:storageMedium); a physical device may sit at a geographic gmeow:physicalPlace.
Tagging
A reified tagging act — a gufo:Relator mediating a tagged resource, a tag, a tagger, and optionally a scheme and time interval. Bears provenance (gmeow:wasAttributedTo), confidence (gmeow:confidence), and suppression (gmeow:displayable false for retraction without deletion — Principle 10). Structurally the NameUsage/IdentityFacet idiom wearing a different hat, inheriting time-scoping, confidence-weighting, and retract-without-delete for free. The canonical form when the act of tagging must itself be a node; the flat shortcut is gmeow:hasTag.
Trademark
The reified trademark right over a mark — binding the mark, its holder, the registration number and the ™/®/status value. Aligned (by reference) to schema:Brand, the WIPO trademark vocabulary and Wikidata.
Trust Assertion
A reified, perspectival assertion that one agent (the trustor) trusts another (the trustee), optionally as an introducer to a given depth — the OpenPGP owner-trust notion. Its validity window is carried with gmeow:validFrom/validUntil.
connects to
Universal traversable-link relation: relates any GMEOW thing to another thing it is directly connected to in a graph, network, or path. Intentionally broad; use specialized subproperties (spatiallyConnectsTo, hasSpouse, citesWork, dependsOn, …) when the kind of connection matters. NOT symmetric and NOT transitive at this level so that subproperties can be directed or undirected and reachability can be computed by the solver layer (Principle 12).
contained in location
Relates a location to a larger location that contains it; transitive. A spatial/topological specialization of the universal gmeow:partOf spine.
geocoding / discrete location code
A frame whose structure is defined by a discrete location-coding scheme (Plus Code, what3words, geohash, MGRS) that partitions the Earth's surface into named cells. Distance is measured by geodesic proximity of the decoded coordinates, not by the code string itself (Principle 12).
psychological / cognitive
A psychological or cognitive domain in which values are expressed relative to a mind's internal representational frame — conceptual spaces, affective states, cognitive maps, or imagined spaces (e.g. memory palace, dream). Hosted by the perceiver, thinker, or dreamer; the frame deactivates when its host does.
robotic
Category
A gufo:EndurantType that is both non-sortal and rigid. It captures essential properties that apply to instances of different kinds. For example, "PhysicalObject" may be considered a gufo:Category, encompassing objects such as cars, planets, trees. "Agent" may be a gufo:Category that classifies both people and organizations.
ConcreteIndividualType
A gufo:Type whose instances are concrete individuals. Instances of gufo:ConcreteIndividualType are subclasses of gufo:ConcreteIndividual. Examples include the gufo:Kind "Person", the gufo:Category "Physical Object", the gufo:EventType "Business Meeting".
RelationshipType
A gufo:Type whose instances are ordered pairs of related entities. Instances of gufo:RelationshipType are object properties in UFO-based ontologies. The object properties "marriedWith" and "enrolledIn" are examples of material relationship types. The object properties "heavierThan", "olderThan" are examples of comparative relationship types. The use of gufo:RelationshipType and its subclasses requires OWL 2 punning. Corresponds to "Relation" in Guizzardi (2005) and Fonseca et al. (2019).
Sortal
A gufo:EndurantType which carries (or supplies) a principle of identity for its instances (see Guizzardi, 2005, chapter 4).
Cadastral Reference Type
The kind of a cadastral reference (parcel identifier, folio number, title number, lot number, survey plan reference, etc.). A value, not a subclass: the set is open-ended and they share all of CadastralReference's structure, so a new kind is a new individual, not a new class (Principle 9).
Constraint Logic
The boolean operator of a logical constraint — odrl:and / odrl:or / odrl:xone (exactly one) / odrl:andSequence (ordered conjunction).
Contact Point
A means of reaching an agent: an email address, telephone number, or postal address.
Copyright
The reified copyright over a work — binding the work, its holder(s), the copyright year and the human-readable notice. Its status (in-copyright, public-domain, …) is a gmeow:copyrightStatus value aligned to RightsStatements.org / PREMIS.
Language Proficiency
A reified, leveled proficiency of an agent in a language, in a particular skill modality — the gufo:Relator binding {agent} × {language} × {skill modality} × {level on a scale}, mirroring names' gmeow:NameUsage. Mint one per (agent, language, modality) so 'native overall' and 'B2 writing' coexist. The base gmeow:knowsLanguage relation states that an agent knows a language; this relator adds the level and the skill.
Ledger Finality Status
The finality state of a ledger transaction or block — a value vocabulary (individuals, never subclasses).
Mental Reference Frame
A subjective or internal reference frame in which standpoint-indexed values are expressed — e.g. a thermal comfort scale, an olfactory quality space, a subjective loudness frame, an affective valence/arousal space (Russell circumplex), a conceptual geometry (Gärdenfors), a cognitive map (egocentric or allocentric), or an imagined space (memory palace, dream). A MentalReferenceFrame is a ReferenceFrame whose realm is perceptual or psychological and whose axes describe qualitative or semi-quantitative dimensions of human, animal, or AI experience. Requires a host (the perceiver, thinker, or dreamer); the frame deactivates when its host ceases to exist. Distinct from measurement frames: two hosts may map the same external stimulus to different mental-frame coordinates (Principle 11).
Narrative Reference Frame
A canon, continuity, or narrative realm that serves as a reference frame for in-universe facts (locations, dates, events) and functionally as the standpoint under which in-universe claims hold true. The Harry Potter canon, the Marvel Multiverse (Earth-616, MCU, Ultimate), and the Star Wars Legends/Canon split are all narrative reference frames. Ordinary GMEOW entities (Person, Place, Organization, Event) may carry claims according to this frame; cross-continuity variants are linked by counterpartOf, never merged.
Parent-Child Relationship
A reified parent-child relationship, typed by its nature (biological, adoptive, step, or foster).
Proficiency Scale
A framework for rating language proficiency (CEFR, ILR, ACTFL, self-reported). A value carried by gmeow:proficiencyScale and gmeow:levelScale.
Relay Hop
One hop in a message's delivery path, recorded by a Received header: a relaying server, the host it received from, a server timestamp, and the protocol used.
Sensitivity Level
A privacy-sensitivity classification for a value — an open, ordered value vocabulary (public ≺ internal ≺ confidential ≺ restricted ≺ sensitive personal). The explicit facet that drives disclosure-control decisions: a value marked sensitive personal may be coarsened or withheld at projection time under a consent guard. Orthogonal to determinacy, confidence, and granularity (Principle 9). The sensitivity-to-coarsen trigger is a solver concern (P12).
Standpoint Modality
The belief value a standpoint assigns a proposition — a closed value vocabulary spanning the Standpoint-Logic □/◊ and the CRMinf belief value (true/false/probable/possible): gmeow:unequivocal, gmeow:probable, gmeow:conceivable, gmeow:refuted. Absence of a value is read as unequivocal.
Stream
A time-ordered sequence of observations or samples produced by a sensor or platform over a time interval. The ordering of samples is implicit via their individual timestamps, not asserted as a list structure (Principle 12). A stream is the canonical source from which a continuous trajectory may be derived by the solver layer.
Temporal Precision
The granularity to which an event's time is known — day, month, year, decade, or circa. A value carried by gmeow:temporalPrecision; pairs with gmeow:earliestStart / gmeow:latestEnd to express a fuzzy date without abandoning DL-clean xsd:dateTime base triples.
Trademark Status
The registration status of a trademark — a VALUE: unregistered (™), registered (®), pending, expired, or cancelled. Open vocabulary.
Version Membership
A reified, standpoint-scoped claim that a concrete entity belongs to a version set with a particular role and/or scale — an observation in the universal claim stack (#69). Mediates between an entity (versionMember), a version set (versionSet), and an optional role/scale asserted by an authority (membershipAuthority / vantage). Mint one VersionMembership per (entity, versionSet, role, authority) tuple; when a role changes over time, close the old membership's interval or mint a fresh one — never overwrite (Principle 10). Inherits confidence, displayable, and temporal scope from Observation.
Writing System
A first-class system for visually or tactilely representing language — a script: Latin, Han (kanji), Hiragana, Katakana, Arabic, Braille, or a bespoke conlang/AI script. Carries gmeow:scriptCode (ISO 15924 when one exists, else a bespoke identifier), a type (gmeow:writingSystemType) and a direction (gmeow:textDirection). Bound to the languages that use it — co-equally and simultaneously — through gmeow:WritingSystemUsage; bespoke and non-linear scripts (Ithkuil) are first-class.
scalar axis
has appellation
Relates an entity to an appellation (name-object) it bears. The universal name-bearing property; gmeow:hasName is the person-scoped specialization. Non-functional — entities bear many co-equal names; a bearing's period is carried with gmeow:validFrom/validUntil on the statement, or reified as a gmeow:NameUsage when audience/register/evidence must be borne.
has determinacy
Relates a value, entity, or claim to its ontic determinacy model — the explicit facet recording whether the value is crisp, vague, fuzzy, probabilistic, or disputed. Domain-free (universal, like hasGranularity). NOT functional: in a multi-source merge sources may state different determinacy models, and those claims coexist rather than force the reasoner to collapse distinct models. Distinct from gmeow:confidence (epistemic certainty) and from gmeow:determinacyModel (the frame-level default for a ReferenceFrame).
CEFR
Aspect
A gufo:Endurant that depends on at least one other concrete individual for its existence. A gufo:Aspect is a characteristic or trait of a concrete individual that is itself conceived as an individual. Examples include: intrinsic physical aspects, such as the Moon's mass, Lassie's fur color; mental dispositions, such as Bob's math skills, his belief that the number one is odd; as well as relational aspects, such as John's love for Mary and the marriage between John and Mary. The specific sort of existential dependence connecting aspects to their bearers is called inherence. Corresponds to "Moment" in Guizzardi (2005). Also termed "property instance", "particularized property", "individual accident", or "(variable) trope" in the philosophical literature.
Collection
A complex gufo:Object whose parts (the members of the collection) have a uniform structure (i.e., members are conceived as playing the same role in the collection). Collections may have a fixed or variable membership, which can be asserted using gufo:FixedCollection and gufo:VariableCollection respectively. Examples include a deck of cards, a pile of bricks, a forest (conceived as a collection of trees), and a group of people. Collections in many cases constitute a functional complex. For example, a pile of bricks may constitute a wall, a group of people may constitute a football team. A gufo:Collection may be decomposed into "smaller" collections. For instance, a group of people may be decomposed into a group of English speakers and a group of Italian speakers. Sub collections may or may not share members among them.
TemporaryParthoodSituation
A gufo:Situation in which a gufo:Endurant is temporarily a part of another gufo:Endurant. A gufo:TemporaryParthoodSituation should only be used for mutable parts. It may be qualified by the period in time in which the relation applies. Examples include: the situation in which the United Kingdom is a member of the European Union; the situation in which Messi is a a member of the Barcelona FC squad; the situation in which an engine is part of a car; and the situation in which a transplanted heart is part of a person. Note that, since every instance of gufo:Quantity or gufo:FixedCollection only has essential parts, the gufo:TemporaryParthoodSituation should not be used to represent these parthood relations. This solution is inspired in the qualified relation pattern (http://patterns.dataincubator.org/book/qualified-relation.html).
Type
An entity that may be instantiated by (or predicated over) other entities. Types encompass what we often call "sorts", "kinds", "categories", etc. Examples include the kind "Person", the event type "Earthquake", and the abstract individual type "NaturalNumber". Relations, such as "marriedTo" and "olderThan", are also considered as types. Instances of gufo:Type are classes, and should specialize the taxonomy of individuals of gUFO. For example, "Person" is a gufo:Type (more specifically a gufo:Kind), specializing gufo:Object. The mechanism that allows for this is called punning in OWL 2. Encompasses the notion of "Universal" in Guizzardi (2005).
Geometry
The spatial extent of a place — a point, line, or polygon — carrying a Well-Known Text (WKT) serialization for shapes richer than a single point (the GeoSPARQL geo:Geometry superset).
Geometry Type
The structural kind of a geometry (point, line, polygon, multipoint, multilinestring, multipolygon). A value vocabulary (individuals, never subclasses) aligned by reference to GeoSPARQL simple-features (sf:Point, sf:LineString, sf:Polygon, etc.).
Honorific Class
The domain of an honorific (academic, clerical, noble, military, judicial, social).
License Family
The family of a licence — public-domain, Creative Commons, permissive, copyleft, proprietary, or dual. An OPEN value vocabulary; the ontology-side reflection of the config.py license classification, not a duplicate of it.
Measurement
An observation that assigns a quantitative or qualitative value to a feature of interest, typically carrying a unit, uncertainty, and determinacy model. The parent of temporal dating, spatial coordinate assignment, and scalar quantity measurements.
Message Keyword
A flag/keyword applied to a message (IMAP flag or JMAP keyword) such as seen, flagged, answered, draft, forwarded, or junk.
Profile
A closed descriptor schema for an open-but-structured facet. A Profile self-describes the properties that constitute the facet and the open value vocabularies from which their values are drawn, enabling extensibility-by-construction.
Route
A traversable path through a graph of connected entities — a named, typed sequence of linked nodes with a defined start and end. Models transport lines, network paths, citation chains, social paths, and dependency chains. The actual path geometry, ordering, and cost are computed by the solver layer (Principle 12), not asserted as triples.
Scalar Quantity
A scalar numeric value with a unit, determinacy model, and granularity — the entity-valued wrapper for literal observation results (temperatures, distances, counts, probabilities). Keeps gmeow:observationResult uniformly entity-valued: the scalar literal lives here, not on the observation directly.
Sequence Feature Type
The kind of a sequence feature (gene, exon, intron, CDS, SNP, chromosome, etc.). A value, not a subclass: the set is open-ended (Sequence Ontology lists ~2000 types) and they share all of SequenceFeature's structure, so a new kind is a new individual, not a new class (Principle 9).
Sex Assigned at Birth
A recorded sex-assigned-at-birth value pointed at by gmeow:sexAssignedAtBirth — a VALUE, never a subclass. Deliberately coarse and inclusive (incl. intersex); finer sex-characteristic detail is an optional free-text gmeow:intersexVariation note, not a clinical taxonomy.
Storage Medium
The kind of medium a storage location uses (cloud service, local filesystem, object store, content-addressed store, physical disk, removable media). A value, not a StorageLocation subclass: the kinds share the same structure (path, service, holder, physical place).
Internet Topology Reference Frame
vantage
The agent or standpoint from which the observation is made — the reified-object-property counterpart of gmeow:accordingTo. Semantically, gmeow:vantage ⊑ gmeow:accordingTo: when an annotated statement is promoted to a reified Observation, its gmeow:accordingTo becomes the gmeow:vantage of the relator. The agent in the vantage role — an observer, a sensor, a perceiver — IS a standpoint (Principle 9): no frame is privileged, and every vantage is a co-equal facet from which the claim is held. Range is gmeow:Entity (encompassing both gmeow:Agent and gmeow:Standpoint) because a vantage may be a bare agent (person, organization, software agent, sensor) or a gmeow:Standpoint individual when the frame needs its own identity. Non-functional: joint observations (a reading co-authored by two agencies) are valid.
gmeow:vantage ⊑ gmeow:accordingTo: the reified relator edge is semantically subsumed by the annotation-property axis. This is NOT asserted as rdfs:subPropertyOf because gmeow:accordingTo is an owl:AnnotationProperty (keeping the OWL 2 DL downcast clean, Principle 3) while vantage is an owl:ObjectProperty. The subsumption is documented here and realised in the projection layer, not axiomatised in the reasoned core.
EndurantType
A gufo:Type whose instances are endurants. Instances of gufo:EndurantType are subclasses of gufo:Endurant. Examples include the object kind "Person", the phase "Child", the relator kind "Marriage". See Guizzardi et al. (2018) for details concerning the taxonomy of endurant types included here.
EventType
A gufo:Type whose instances are events. Instances of gufo:EventType are subclasses of gufo:Event. Examples include "Business Meeting", "Birth", "Musical Performance".
TemporaryRelationshipSituation
A gufo:Situation in which a gufo:Endurant temporarily stands in a relation with another gufo:Endurant (or other endurants in the case of n-ary relationships). Reification of a gufo:TemporaryRelationshipSituation allows qualification of the relationship with the period in time in which it applies. Examples include: the situation in which Einstein works at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern; the situation in which Elon Musk studies at the University of Pennsylvania; the situation in which John Lennon is married to Yoko Ono; and the situation in which Facebook has a lower market value than Amazon. For material relationships, prefer the use of gufo:Relator. This is a reification of the relationship (in a solution that is similar to the qualified relation pattern http://patterns.dataincubator.org/book/qualified-relation.html).
Aggregation Function
The kind of statistical aggregation applied to a spatial region — a value vocabulary (individuals, never subclasses).
Gender Expression Style
A style of gender expression — a VALUE pointed at by gmeow:expressionValue, never a subclass. Open: a style not seeded here is a fresh individual with rdfs:label.
Land Tenure Type
The kind of a land tenure (ownership, leasehold, easement, mortgage, usufruct, freehold, crown lease, etc.). A value, not a subclass: the set is open-ended and they share all of LandTenure's structure, so a new kind is a new individual, not a new class (Principle 9).
Language Modality
The sensory/transmission channel of a language (spoken, signed, written, whistled, tactile, machine, multimodal). A value carried by gmeow:languageModality.
Location State
The state of a moving entity at a specific point or period in time, including its location, velocity, and pose (position + orientation).
Narrative Frame Relation
The relationship of one narrative frame to another — a value vocabulary (individuals, never subclasses) spanning canon, alternate continuity, expanded universe, fanon, crossover, and adaptation. Non-functional: a frame may hold several relations to another frame from different standpoints.
Network Address Type
The kind of a network address (IPv4, IPv6, MAC, DNS, URL, port, BGP-AS). A value, not a subclass: the set is open-ended and they share all of NetworkAddress's structure, so a new kind is a new individual, not a new class (Principle 9).
Online Account
An account an agent holds with an online service — a social profile, code-forge account, or decentralized identity.
Organization
A structured group of agents — a company, institution, association, or governmental body — able to act as a single agent.
Proficiency Modality
The skill channel a language proficiency rates (speaking, listening, reading, writing, signing, comprehension, overall). A value carried by gmeow:proficiencyModality.
Quality Dimension
An ISO 19157 data-quality dimension or lineage category — an open value vocabulary of individuals (never subclasses). New dimensions (e.g. a domain-specific 'semantic consistency' or 'usability') are added by minting fresh individuals, not by creating new classes (Principle 9).
Regulatory Overlay
The reified, time-scoped fact that a specific regulation applies over a place — imposed by an authority. Covers zoning, protected areas, restricted airspace, sanctions, tax/electoral districts, postal zones, civil-time zones, and similar legally-defined spatial overlays. Distinct from JurisdictionTenure (governance/sovereignty): an overlay is about a specific regulatory regime applied over a geographic area. Links to RightsStatement for the deontic rules (permissions, prohibitions, duties) that hold within it. Contested overlays coexist as multiple standpoint-indexed instances, never collapsing to a single winner (Principle 9).
Rule
The abstract base of a deontic rule in a rights statement — it binds a regulated gmeow:RightsAction to an optional target asset and assignee. Specialised by gmeow:Permission, gmeow:Prohibition and gmeow:Duty (the ODRL rule trio).
Sensory Environment
Ambient perceivable conditions at a specific location and time — the ensemble of physical properties that can be measured by instruments or perceived by observers. A SensoryEnvironment is reified as a first-class entity (not merely a property bag) so that measurements and perceptions about it can carry provenance, confidence, temporal scope, and standpoint indexing. Measured conditions are expressed as CoordinateMatrix values in measurement reference frames; perceived conditions are standpoint-indexed values in MentalReferenceFrames (Principle 9: co-equal facets, no privileged representation).
Text Direction
The writing direction of a writing system (ltr, rtl, vertical, boustrophedon, non-linear, contextual). A value carried by gmeow:textDirection.
Celestial Object Type
The kind of an astronomical object (star, galaxy, nebula, planet, asteroid, spacecraft, etc.). A value, not a CelestialLocation subclass: the set is open-ended (IVOA object-type vocabulary lists ~100 types) and they share the same structure.
Email Message
An RFC 5322 email message, with headers, participants, a thread, body parts and mailbox residence.
A zero-duration point in time, distinct from a TimeInterval. Carries a crisp instantValue (xsd:dateTime) and/or an edtfValue (EDTF literal) relative to a TemporalFrame.
Language Status
The vitality status of a language (living, historical, extinct, dormant, revived, emerging, proposed, constructed-active). A value carried by gmeow:languageStatus.
License
A licence granting rights in a work — modelled as a gmeow:Agreement (it binds licensor and licensee and creates permissions / duties). The canonical superset of cc:License / an ODRL Offer / dcterms:LicenseDocument. Its validity window rides gmeow:validFrom / gmeow:validUntil; its family is a gmeow:licenseFamily value.
Message Participant
A reified occurrence of an email address in a particular message header or envelope context.
Metric Kind
The computational method by which distance or dissimilarity is measured in a reference frame — geodesic (curved surface), Euclidean (straight-line in Cartesian space), cosine (angular similarity in latent vector space), edit-distance (Levenshtein / sequence alignment), or graph-hops (shortest-path in a network). A value vocabulary (individuals, never subclasses) per Principle 9.
Period Type
The kind of a named period (geologic eon, era, period, epoch, age; historical dynasty, era; fiscal year). A value, never a subclass.
Postal Address
A contact point reachable by physical mail at a postal address. It is expressed in the postal/administrative topological reference frame (gmeow:referenceFramePostalAddress); its components below are the coordinate values along that frame's axes — the as-written surface form. The resolved, identifier-bearing geographic places are reached via gmeow:addressPlace and gmeow:containedInPlace.
Route Kind
The kind of a route — transit line, flight path, walking path, citation chain, network path, social path, dependency chain. An open value vocabulary (individuals, never subclasses) per Principle 9.
Script Role
The role a writing system plays within a language's mixed orthography (primary, logographic content, syllabic grammar, loanword, transliteration, liturgical, historical, decorative). A value carried by gmeow:scriptRole.
Sensory Modality
The sensory channel or domain through which an environment property is measured or perceived — a value vocabulary (individuals, never subclasses). Distinguishes visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, thermal, air-quality, and other environmental sensing channels. A single environment or observation may span multiple modalities (Principle 9: co-equal, non-functional).
Time Scale
The atomic progression of time — TAI, TT, UTC, GPS, UT1, TDB, etc. A time scale is independent of any calendar or geographic reference position.
Time-Scoped Relation
A reified relationship that holds only over a particular time interval — the base for residence, tenure, and membership-over-time situations.
Verification Status
The outcome status of a verification result — a value vocabulary (individuals, never subclasses).
Virtual Location Type
The kind of a virtual location (video conference, chat space, metaverse room, website, social media page, …). A value, not a subclass: the set is open-ended and they share all of VirtualLocation's structure, so a new kind is a new individual, not a new class (Principle 9).
topological
A frame whose structure is defined by containment, adjacency, or graph connectivity rather than geometric coordinates. Distance is measured in hops or nesting depth, not metres or degrees.
social
part of
Universal part-to-whole relation: relates any GMEOW thing to a larger whole it is part of. Transitive and intentionally broad; use specialized subproperties such as gmeow:containedInLocation, gmeow:subOrganizationOf, gmeow:subEventOf, gmeow:partOfThread or module-specific component properties when the kind of parthood matters. No domain/range is asserted so event, location, information-object and endurant parthood all remain possible in OWL 2 DL.
No cardinality, functionality, asymmetry or irreflexivity is asserted on this transitive property. Proper-part, direct-part and time-scoped mutable parthood must be modelled with narrower simple properties or relators when needed.
Calendar System
The rules mapping a time scale to human-readable dates. Co-equal: Gregorian is one peer among Julian, Hebrew, Islamic, Chinese, Persian, Ethiopian, Coptic, ISO week, and others (Principle 9).
Cryptographic Signature
A cryptographic signature over a message or its headers, asserting origin and integrity.
Geocode
A geographic location code expressed in an alternative geocoding reference frame — a Plus Code, what3words address, geohash, MGRS grid reference, UN/LOCODE, or linear-referencing mile-marker.
Name Usage
A reified, context-dependent use of an appellation — an observation in the universal claim stack (#69): a named entity (observedFeature) is called by a given appellation (observationResult), by or among a particular audience (or within a relationship scope), in a particular register, over a period, on some evidence. Perspectival — a usage is whoever's, never a global fact — so it carries no notion of a preferred or canonical name. Mint one NameUsage per (appellation, audience, register) tuple; its period is carried by gmeow:usageInterval or by validFrom/validUntil on the statement.
Participant Role
The role an entity plays in an event — a VALUE, never a participation subproperty. The set is open; a role not among the seeds is a FRESH gmeow:ParticipantRole individual with rdfs:label. Carried by gmeow:participationRole on a gmeow:Participation.
Proficiency Level
An attained proficiency level on a scale (CEFR A1–C2; native; heritage). A value carried by gmeow:proficiencyLevel; gmeow:levelScale ties it to its scale. ILR (0–5) and ACTFL levels are added as further individuals.
Rights Type
A kind of intellectual-property right — an OPEN value vocabulary (copyright, trademark, patent, industrial design, trade secret, related rights, moral rights, database right, plant breeders' rights), linked to Wikidata / WIPO.
Temporal Measurement
A measured assignment of a date or age to an entity or sample, carrying the method, uncertainty, and determinacy. Now a subclass of gmeow:Measurement (and therefore gmeow:Observation), realising Principle 9: the measurement is a standpoint-indexed claim (vantage + observedFeature + observationResult), not ground truth.
scalar
virtual / network
Universal whole-to-part inverse of gmeow:partOf. Transitive and intentionally broad; specialized component and containment properties remain the authoritative source for domain-specific meaning.
Generic has-part is a query/projection convenience, not a single privileged decomposition model. Consumers that need spatial, organizational, event or information-object semantics should use the corresponding specialized subproperty.
geodesic
Shortest path along a curved surface (e.g. great-circle on a spheroid).
SituationType
A gufo:Type whose instances are situations. Instances of gufo:SituationType are subclasses of gufo:Situation. Examples include "HazardousSituation", "PersonHasFever", "PersonIsStudent".
Attestation
A reified assertion envelope that an attester vouches for a claim, artifact, identity binding, process, quality report, or ledger claim under a specific policy. Mediates between an attester, an attested subject, and optionally an attested claim or artifact. Distinct from Observation: an attestation is a vouching act, not a measurement or sensory reading. Its validity window is carried with gmeow:validFrom/validUntil; revocation sets validUntil (Principle 10).
Dating Method
The method used to derive a temporal measurement — radiocarbon, dendrochronology, thermoluminescence, etc. A value, never a subclass. Specialises gmeow:ObservationMethod for the temporal dating domain.
Named Period
A named stretch of time with defined bounds — a geologic era, historical dynasty, artistic period, fiscal year, or any other culturally salient temporal division.
Observation Type
The kind of observation being made — a value vocabulary (individuals, never subclasses). Distinguishes measurement, sensory reading, standpoint claim, derived inference, and simulation output. The specific sub-discipline (radiocarbon dating, GPS survey, temperature sensing) is gmeow:observationMethod, not gmeow:observationType.
Orientation
The rotational component of a pose, expressed as co-equal optional facets: quaternion (x, y, z, w), Euler angles (yaw, pitch, roll plus order), or compass angles (heading, bearing). No single representation is privileged; multiple representations may coexist for the same pose. Aligns by reference to IEEE 1872-2015 pos:OrientationMeasure.
Rights Statement
A reified, machine-readable statement of the rights situation of an entity — an observation in the universal claim stack (#69). Who may do what with it, under what licence, with what copyright, attributed to whom, over what term. The canonical superset of an ODRL Policy / Set: it bears gmeow:Permission, gmeow:Prohibition and gmeow:Duty rules and points at the asset it governs via gmeow:statementAbout (the observedFeature). Promote a flat gmeow:hasLicense / gmeow:hasCopyright to a RightsStatement only when the deontic rules are needed.
Romantic Orientation Value
A pattern of romantic attraction — a VALUE pointed at by gmeow:romanticOrientationValue, never a subclass. Kept separate from sexual orientation (split-attraction). Open: a fresh individual with rdfs:label when none is seeded.
Sexual Orientation Value
A pattern of sexual attraction — a VALUE pointed at by gmeow:sexualOrientationValue, never a subclass. Open: an orientation not seeded here is a fresh individual with rdfs:label.
Temporal Frame
A reference system for expressing time — the temporal counterpart of gmeow:ReferenceFrame. Decomposed into a TimeScale, an optional CalendarSystem, and an optional ReferencePosition. Every crisp instant or interval is asserted relative to a TemporalFrame (Principle 11).
Writing System Type
The structural kind of a writing system (alphabet, abjad, abugida, syllabary, logographic, featural, ideographic, pictographic, non-linear, mixed). A value carried by gmeow:writingSystemType.
graph hops
Shortest-path edge count in a network or graph.
Accessibility Facet
The dimension of accessibility being asserted — wheelchair, step-free, visual, auditory, cognitive, clearance, life-support. An open value vocabulary (individuals, never subclasses) per Principle 9.
Cryptographic Key
A public key, certificate, or key material bound to an agent's identity — the thing a signature is made with and a certification vouches for.
Email Address
A contact point reachable via the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).
Event
A gufo:ConcreteIndividual that 'occurs' or 'happens' in time. They may be instantaneous or long-running. Events are those "things that happen to or are performed by" (Casati and Varzi, 2015) endurants. Examples include actions and processes, such as a business meeting, a communicative act, a soccer match, a goal kick, the clicking of a mouse button; as well as natural occurrences such as an earthquake, the fall of the meteor that caused the extinction of the dinosaurs. Also termed "happening", "occurrence", "perdurant" or "occurrent" in the philosophical literature. Casati, R. & Varzi, A. (2015). Events. In E.N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2015 ed.). 19 Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2015/entries/events/
Situation
A gufo:ConcreteIndividual that is a particular configuration of a part of reality which can be understood as a whole and in which entities stand in relations. A situation may be counterfactual or actual. An actual situation (or in other words, a "fact") "obtains" in a certain time instant or during a time interval. Note that, in Guizzardi et al. (2013), situations were considered to obtain at a specific point in time. Here, instead, they obtain in a time interval when begin and end points differ. The various subclasses of Situation in this implementation are used to capture "mutable" facts which obtain during some time and fail to obtain at other times. This includes the contingent instantiation of non-rigid types (e.g., as someone is a child at one point in time and a teenager later), the attribution of value to mutable qualities (such as a person's weight) and temporary participation in part-whole relations for replaceable parts (such as a car's tires). Other subclasses may be created to capture domain-specific notions such as "HazardousSituation", "PersonHasFever".
Tag
An open, user-minted tag — an information object whose identity is its IRI and whose surface form is carried by rdfs:label. Synonyms are multiple labels; homonyms are different IRIs. Coreference is done in data, never by collapsing into one. A tag is NOT a type (it carries no inferential weight over rdf:type) and NOT a property bag — no datatype value property is asserted on it. Part of the universal tagging building block that keeps folksonomy, aboutness and typing as three orthogonal axes.
Transliteration Scheme
A named transliteration/romanization/transcription system (Hepburn, Pinyin, ISO 233, IPA, …). A value carried by gmeow:transliterationScheme; the major schemes are catalogued as FnO functions in the projection layer (projections/transforms.fno.ttl).
Version Role
A role or status that an entity holds within a version set according to an authority — a VALUE, never an Entity subclass. Standpoint-scoped: 'latest' according to a package registry may differ from 'latest' according to a downstream mirror. The seed list is an anchor, not a fence.
terrestrial
Constraint Operator
The comparison operator of an atomic constraint — the ODRL operator vocabulary (eq, neq, lt, lteq, gt, gteq, isPartOf, isA, isAnyOf, …).
Copyright Status
The copyright standing of a work — a VALUE aligned to the RightsStatements.org standardized statements and PREMIS copyright status. Open: a finer-grained statement is a fresh individual.
Determinacy
The model of ontic determinacy or indeterminacy for a value — whether it is inherently crisp, vague, fuzzy, probabilistic, or disputed. Distinct from epistemic confidence (how sure we are of a claim); determinacy records the nature of the value itself. Applies universally: a gender may be fuzzy, a date approximate, a boundary vague, a SLAM cell probabilistic, a contested fact disputed.
Gender
A gender a person may identify with — a VALUE, never a gmeow:Person subclass. The set is open and culturally diverse; a gender not among the seed individuals is a FRESH gmeow:Gender individual carrying rdfs:label, not a new class. Pointed at by gmeow:genderValue.
Granularity Level
A level of detail / resolution at which a value is expressed — a point on an open, ordered, domain-general axis (spatial: point ≺ address ≺ city ≺ region ≺ country; temporal: day ≺ month ≺ year ≺ decade ≺ century). The explicit facet behind 'no silent precision', and the axis that gmeow:coarsenTo generalizes along. Levels are individuals (never per-level subclasses), ordered by gmeow:coarserThan and aligned to external resolution vocabularies (OWL-Time time:TemporalUnit, ISO 19112 LocationType) by skos:exactMatch.
Observation Method
The method or protocol by which an observation was made — a value vocabulary (individuals, never subclasses). Generalizes gmeow:DatingMethod (temporal module) and subsumes sensor types, survey protocols, laboratory techniques, archaeological procedures, and standpoint assertion methods. A method is constitutive of the observation: changing the method changes the observation's identity (it is a different act).
has reference frame
Relates an entity or value to the reference frame in which it is expressed.
Attestation Type
The kind of attestation being made — a value vocabulary (individuals, never subclasses). Distinguishes SLSA provenance, in-toto attestation, VC, DSSE envelope, C2PA manifest, EAT token, signed RDF, SCITT statement, nanopublication, blockchain claim, git signed tag, release manifest, quality report attestation, and AI output attestation.
Language Origin
How a language came to be (natural, constructed, AI-generated, formal, pidgin, creole, reconstructed, …). A value, not a Language subclass: origins are open-ended and share Language's structure.
Place Type
The kind of a geographic place (country, region, city, building, room, …). Modelled as a value, not a Place subclass: the set of kinds is open-ended (GeoNames lists ~600 feature codes) and they share all of Place's structure, so a new kind is a new individual, not a new class.
cartesian
prefix
Language
A language as a first-class information object with a self-minted IRI: a system of signs/symbols and rules used for communication or computation. Registry-INDEPENDENT — BCP-47/ISO 639/Glottolog/Wikidata are optional alignments (gmeow:languageCode, gmeow:authorityLink, skos:exactMatch), never identity, so a code-less conlang or AI-generated language is fully first-class. Origin, modality and status are open value vocabularies; the scripts it is written in are bound co-equally via gmeow:WritingSystemUsage; its endonym/exonym names are gmeow:Appellation.
Name Purpose
The purpose/kind of a whole appellation (legal, birth, chosen, professional, deadname, …). A value, not a PersonName subclass; a person may simultaneously bear several co-equal names of different purposes.
Creative Work
An information artifact resulting from creative or intellectual effort — a document, article, dataset, media object, or web page.
Frame Realm
The physical, virtual, or conceptual domain of a reference frame (e.g. terrestrial, indoor, celestial, virtual, measurement, currency, temporal, colourspace, linguistic).
Message Participant Role
The role an address occurrence plays in a message header or envelope.
observed feature
The individual whose property or state is being observed — the feature of interest. The range is intentionally open (owl:Thing) because anything can be observed: a place, a person, an event, a document, a quality value, or a situation. SHACL shapes enforce closed-world constraints per observation kind.
Appellation
A name as an information object borne by an entity — a person's name, a filename, a place name, an organization name. It carries the surface form (gmeow:fullName) and the structured parts (gmeow:hasNamePart); who uses it, toward whom, in what register and over what period is carried by gmeow:NameUsage. The universal superclass reconciling the scattered naming terms. Multiple appellations on one entity are CO-EQUAL — none is canonical or 'primary'.
Frame Kind
The structural type of a reference frame (e.g. geodetic, Cartesian, polar, grid, narrative).
Observation
A reified act of observing, measuring, or asserting a feature of interest — the universal claim construct unifying spatial measurement, temporal dating, sensory reading, standpoint claims, identity claims, naming claims, rights claims, and kinship claims. Mediates between an observer (vantage), a feature (observedFeature), and a result (observationResult). Every observation carries at least a vantage and an observedFeature (EL open-world); closed-world cardinality is SHACL's concern.
ConcreteIndividual
A gufo:Individual that exists in space-time. Concrete individuals comprise not only object-like entities (a car, a mountain, a person, a marriage, a belief), but also events (a business meeting, a soccer match) and situations (the situation in which a person weighs 80 kilograms, the situation in which a bank account is overdrawn).
Honorific
A title or form of address (Mr, Mx, Dr, -san, Sri, Sayyid, …). A value, not a subclass. Each carries a gmeow:honorificPosition (prefix/suffix) and, where applicable, a gmeow:honorificClass.
Message
A communication sent from one agent to others — the parent of email and other message kinds.
Euclidean
Straight-line distance in a Cartesian or flat space.
Endurant
A gufo:ConcreteIndividual that endures in time and may change qualitatively while keeping its identity. Examples include: ordinary objects of everyday experience, such as a person, a house, and a car; reified relationships, such as a marriage, a rental contract, and a person's love for another; and existentially-dependent aspects of objects, such as a car's weight, a person's language skills, and a house's color. Also termed "continuant" in the philosophical literature.
Regulatory Overlay Type
The kind of a regulatory overlay (zoning, protected area, restricted airspace, sanctions, tax district, electoral district, postal zone, civil-time zone, …). A value, not a subclass: the set is open-ended and they share all of RegulatoryOverlay's structure, so a new kind is a new individual, not a new class (Principle 9).
Relator
A gufo:ExtrinsicAspect that connects (involves, mediates) two or more concrete individuals. Relators are reified relationships composed of reciprocal extrinsic modes. Examples of relators include John and Mary's marriage (composed of John's obligations towards Mary in the scope of the marriage, Mary's reciprocal claims, Mary's obligations towards John, John's reciprocal claims), Mary's employment contract at Nasa, a covalent bond between two atoms.
Pronoun Set
A set of third-person pronouns a person goes by, in the five English forms (subject, object, possessive determiner, possessive pronoun, reflexive). Sex/gender INDEPENDENT and contextual. A known set is one of the gmeow:PronounSet value individuals; any other set is expressed by filling the five form properties on a fresh PronounSet instance.
Event Type
The kind of an event — a VALUE, never a gmeow:Event subclass. The set is open; a kind not among the seed individuals is a FRESH gmeow:EventType individual carrying rdfs:label, not a new class. Pointed at by gmeow:eventType (non-functional).
Person
An individual human being, living or deceased.
Place
A geographic location at any granularity — a country, region, city, thoroughfare, site, building, floor, or room. The specific kind is given by gmeow:placeType (a value), not a subclass, so any level can be a first-class place with its own coordinates and external identifiers.
Name Part Type
The kind of a name part (given, surname, patronymic, particle, Arabic nisba, filename extension, …). A value, not a NamePart subclass: naming systems worldwide contribute an open-ended set of part kinds that share NamePart's structure.
Left Operand
The dimension an atomic constraint tests — an OPEN value vocabulary mirroring the ODRL leftOperand vocabulary (dateTime, spatial, count, purpose, recipient, industry, …).
Information Object
An entity whose nature is to carry information content: a document, dataset, software artifact, online account, or message. The shared parent of the document, software and account layers.
Object
A gufo:Endurant that does not depend on another endurant for its existence (excluding its essential parts and aspects). Examples of objects include ordinary physical entities, such as a dog, a house, a tomato, a car, Alan Turing, but also socially-defined entities such as The Rolling Stones, the European Union, the Brazilian 1988 Constitution. Guizzardi (2005) also included the more abstract notion of "Substantial", which generalizes both objects and amounts of matter. That notion was left out from this implementation, together with the notion of amount of matter. Support for the representation of maximally-self-connected amounts of matter is given by gufo:Quantity.
Location
A locus where an entity can be situated, reside, or occur — a geographic place, an online (virtual) location, a digital storage location, or an astronomical/celestial position.
Time Interval
A bounded stretch of time, optionally open-ended, delimited by a start and/or end instant.
Rights Action
The kind of action a rights rule regulates — a VALUE, never a rule subclass. The set is open (ODRL's action vocabulary + CC REL); an action not among the seed individuals is a FRESH gmeow:RightsAction individual carrying rdfs:label. Pointed at by gmeow:ruleAction.
crisp
A temporal occurrence in which entities participate in roles, over possibly fuzzy time, at possibly several locations, asserted by possibly conflicting sources. The universal event of the model: gmeow:Activity (provenance) and gmeow:LifeEvent re-parent onto it. The kind of occurrence is a gmeow:eventType value, never a subclass.
SubKind
A gufo:EndurantType that is both sortal and rigid. It specializes a gufo:Kind carrying the principle of identity supplied by that kind. Every gufo:SubKind should directly or indirectly specialize a gufo:Kind. For example, the gufo:Kind "Lion" may be specialized into the "Lionness" and "Male Lion" subkinds, while the gufo:Kind "Computer" may be specialized into the "Laptop" and "Desktop" subkinds.
Agent
An entity that can act, bear responsibility, and enter into agreements: a person, an organization, or a software agent.
Reference Frame
A reference system (such as a coordinate system, datum, grid, or platform space) relative to which locations, coordinates, or measurements are expressed.
QualityValue
A gufo:AbstractIndividual that can be associated with a gufo:Quality reflecting the perception or conception of the quality in a certain value space. Instances of gufo:QualityValue include the rational number 2.5 when used to conceive of the acidity of a portion of wine (in a pH scale), the tuple <38.8897,-77.0089> when used to conceive of the location of a building (in a space formed by latitude and longitude), or the triplet <0,0,0> when used to conceive of the color of a physical object (in a trimensional space formed by red, green and blue color components). Corresponds to "Quale" in Guizzardi (2005). Use this class only for quality values (qualia) that are to be reified in the A-box and associated with a gufo:ConcreteIndividual through the object property gufo:hasReifiedQualityValue. Otherwise, use the gufo:hasQualityValue data property and a literal to determine the quality value.
AbstractIndividualType
A gufo:Type whose instances are abstract individuals. Instances of gufo:AbstractIndividualType are subclasses of gufo:AbstractIndividual. Examples include the types "NaturalNumber", "Set", "Proposition".
Kind
A gufo:EndurantType that is both sortal and rigid. It provides a uniform principle of identity for its instances. Every gufo:Endurant instantiates one and only one gufo:Kind. Examples include kinds of ordinary objects of everyday experience, such as: "Person", "House", "Car"; kinds of relators, such as "Marriage", "RentalContract"; kinds of existentially-dependent aspects of objects, such as "Weight", "Belief", "Vulnerability".
Axis
A coordinate axis or dimension of a reference frame (e.g. X, Y, Z, latitude, longitude, elevation, time).
Entity
Anything in the GMEOW universe of discourse that persists in time and can bear properties: an agent, a document, a contact point, and so on.
GMEOW
Copyright © 2026 Blackcat Informatics® Inc. Licensed under CC BY 4.0; also available under separate proprietary terms from Blackcat Informatics Inc.
A reasoning-centric, OWL 2 DL, upper-ontology-grounded super-vocabulary that unifies document metadata, entity descriptions, legal agreements, contacts and person-centric data. GMEOW is grounded in gUFO and aligned to FOAF, REL, DOAP, PROV-O, schema.org and Wikidata.
GMEOW — Global Metadata and Entity Ontology for the Web